BBC看中國：“土豪”成英語熱詞
A new word has suddenly become wildly popular in China - "tuhao" - which loosely translated means "nouveau riche". There have been more than 100 million references to the word "tuhao" on social media since early September.
一個新詞最近突然在中國爆紅——“土豪”，勉強可以翻譯爲“nouveau riche”（法語：暴發戶）。九月份上旬以來，“土豪”一詞在中國社交網絡上出現了1億多次。
It's being used to describe everything from the new People's Daily building, to expensive celebrity weddings full of bling, and the new gold-coloured iPhone.
從人民日報社的新大樓到明星大腕紙醉金迷的婚禮，到新款的金色iPhone，一切都可以被形容爲“土豪”。
In Chinese "tu" means earth, and "hao" means rich. To say someone is tuhao is to imply they come from a poor peasant background, and have made it rich quick - but don't quite have the manners, or sophistication to go along with it. It's like the term "nouveau riche", says Professor Steve Tsang at the School of Contemporary Chinese Studies in Nottingham - but has even more negative connotations, suggesting a certain vulgarity.
在漢語中，“土” 即庸俗、土氣，“豪” 即富貴。說某人是土豪即意味着此人出身卑微，後來突然暴富——卻沒有培養出和物質財富相應的禮貌風範和城府。來自諾丁漢大學的當代中國研究學院教授曾銳生表示，土豪有點像是法語中nouveau riche 暴發戶，但指代更消極，還稍嫌粗俗。
"Tuhao" is actually an old word - dating back perhaps as far as the Southern Dynasty 1,500 years ago - but it has always meant something rather different. During the communist revolution, from the 1920s to early 1950s, it was widely used to refer to landholders and gentry who would bully those beneath them.
“土豪”實際上是一箇舊詞——最早可以追溯到1500年前的南朝時期——但它的意義在歷朝歷代一直都在變化。在20世紀20年代至50年代的社會主義革命期間，它被廣泛用於形容那些壓迫農民階級的地主鄉紳。
This new usage of the term took off in September after a widely-shared joke about a rich, but unhappy man, who goes to a Buddhist monk for advice, expecting to be told to live a more simple life. The monk replies instead with the phrase: "Tuhao, let's be friends!"
今年9月份以來，這個詞被賦予新的含義並重新啓用，這是由一個廣爲流傳的笑話所引發的。一個富裕卻情緒消沉的人到廟裏拜見高僧尋求指點。此人滿以爲高僧會指點他過更簡樸的生活，沒想到僧人卻說：“土豪，我們交個朋友吧！”
Chinese internet users are highly creative in their use of language, and are constantly inventing, and re-inventing words as a way of getting past censorship rules. But in this case, its popularity seems to be down to the fact that it encapsulates China's changing society so well - many people sneer at those with wealth, but are secretly jealous.
中國網民在使用語言方法是極富創造性的，他們常常創造或改造詞彙，以此來規避審查。但是對於“土豪”這個詞，它之所以如此流行似乎是因爲，歸根結底，它正是中國社會轉型的一個縮影——許多人對這些擁有財富的人表面鄙夷，暗中卻非常妒忌。
