中英雙語話中國歷史名人 第74期:石申

Shi Shen (born 4th century B. C.) was a Chinese astronomer and contemporary of Gan De. He was born in the State of Wei, Also known as the Master Shi Shen(Shi Shenfu).

石申(生於公元前約4世紀)，又名石申夫，戰國時魏國人。天文學家，與甘德同時代人。

He is credited with positioning the 121 stars found in the preserved texts.

根據現存文本記載，石申給出了121顆星的位置。

He also made the earliest surviving undated record of sunspot observation, which is sometimes erroneously credited to Gan De.

石申有關太陽黑子的觀測記錄(未標日期)是現存最早的(有時會錯誤地認爲這些記錄是甘德做的)。

He assumed that these spots were eclipses that began at the center of the sun and spread outward.

石申認爲這些黑點是由太陽中心開始向外擴展的日蝕。

Although he was wrong, he recognised the spots for what they were--solar phenomena.

儘管石申的觀點是錯誤的，但是他承認這些黑點是太陽自身的現象。

His works included the 8-volume Astronom, the one-volume Celestial Map and the one-volume Star Catalogue of Shi.

石申的著作包括:8卷本《天文》、一卷本《渾天圖》、一卷本《石氏星經簿贊》。

The latter two are now believed to be written by his school followers.

現在認爲後兩本是石申的門徒寫的。

Most of his works did not survive intact, but a few of his crucial writings were preserved in The Treatise on Astrology of the Kaiyuan Era.

石申的大多數著作現在都不完整，但是他一些最重要的著述被收人《開元佔經》得以保存下來。

Shi Shen crater on the Moon is named after him.

月球背面的環形山中，就有一座以他的名字命名。