10個深藏地窖的祕密(下)

iest Depiction Of Jesus

5.最早的耶穌碑文

In an Egyptian crypt, archaeologists recently unearthed what might be the oldest depiction of Jesus. Located in the ancient city of Oxyrhynchus, the mysterious underground structure could only be accessed once researchers removed 45 tons of stone. The walls of the crypt contained six layers of paint. The last was from the period of the early Coptic Christians.

在一座埃及地窖中，考古學家最近發現了可能是最古老的耶穌碑文。這座神祕的地下建築位於古代城市俄克喜林庫斯，研究人員需要移開45噸的石頭才能進入。地窖的牆上有六層繪畫作品。最上面一層來自於早期科普特基督徒時期。

One painting drew experts' attention: The mysterious image shows a tunic-clad young man with curly hair performing a blessing. Some believe this is the earliest known likeness of Christ. However, until researchers translate cryptic inscriptions around the figure, the man's identity remains a mystery. The crypt belongs to a 17-year-old scribe and a family of priests.

其中一幅畫引起了專家們的注意：在這幅神祕的畫上，有一位穿着衣服的男子，一頭捲髮，作出祈禱的姿勢。一些專家認爲這是已知最早的耶穌肖像。但是，在研究人員翻譯出這個人物周圍的碑文內容之前，這名男子的身份仍然是個謎。這座地窖屬於一位17歲的法學家和一個人祭司家庭。

Archaeologists report that they haven't had time yet to explore another mysterious space attached to the crypt. They have no idea what they will find in the new hidden chamber.

考古學家報告，他們還沒來得及挖掘與這座地窖相連的其他神祕空間，尚不知道會在新的密室裏發現什麼。

t Of The Ancient Astronaut

4.古代宇航員的地窖

The secret opening to the crypt of Pakal II, the Maya ruler of Palenque, was discovered in 1948. It took four more years to clear the rubble away so that researchers could enter the hidden chamber. The monarch's remains were discovered clad in a jade mask with beads. Sculptures and carvings of Mayan underworld beliefs surround the ancient ruler.

1948年，人們發現了巴加爾二世——瑪雅時期帕倫克的統治者——地窖的祕密入口。研究人員花了四年多的時間才清理掉碎石進入這間密室。他們發現，這位君王的面部罩着一個有串珠裝飾的翡翠面具。他的四周是雕塑與雕刻，內容是瑪雅人對這位古代君主身處地下世界的想象。

Pakal II supposedly died at age 80. However, the skeletal remains appear to be that of a 40-year-old. What's more, a carving on the lid of his tomb has convinced some that Pakal II might not even have been human. The engraving became famous after the controversial 1968 bestseller Chariots of the Gods suggested that, if turned sideways, the image depicts Pakal II aboard a spacecraft. One viewer may see Mayan iconography related to death, rebirth, and the cosmos. Another sees a fuselage, complete with a breathing apparatus and controls.

巴加爾二世去世時可能是80歲。但是，這具骨骼殘骸的年齡大概是40歲。此外，他的墓室頂蓋上雕刻的內容顯示，巴加爾二世可能不是人類。1968年，充滿爭議的暢銷書《衆神的戰車》讓這些雕刻作品名聲大振。書中寫道，如果轉向側面，可以看到這幅雕刻圖上畫着巴加爾二世駕駛着一艘宇宙飛船。你看到的可能是瑪雅人對死亡、重生與宇宙的想象，而別人看到的可能是一個機身，還有通氣設備與控制裝置。

ue's Hidden Masterpiece

3.布拉格隱藏的傑作

Art historians recently discovered a never-before-seen monument deep within Prague's Loreto crypt, beneath the Church of the Nativity of Our Lord. The walls of the tomb are covered with intricate depictions of death, resurrection, and allegories for time. Dated to 1664, these amazing depictions of Ars moriendi utilize only black and gray to create a sophisticated shading system known as chiaroscuro.

藝術歷史學家最近在布拉格的洛雷托地窖深處發現了一座從未見過的紀念碑，這座地窖位於聖誕教堂的地下。墓室的牆壁上刻滿了複雜的文字，描述死亡、復活以及對時間的寓言。這些令人吃驚的死亡藝術的描繪可追溯到1664年，只用了黑灰兩色，創造出複雜的陰影體系，也就是明暗對照法。

The paintings were discovered in 2011, when the crypt was opened for the first time in decades. Many of the works are inspired by Dutch art, including copies of Rembrandt. The identity of the artist remains a mystery. Some speculate that it might have been Cosmas of Austria or Viennese painter Tobias Pock. Both had a history of working with the Capuchin monks. It is also unknown whether the subject matter was selected by the artist or the crypt's patron, Countess Elisabeth Apollonia of Kolowrat.

這些繪畫於2011年被發現，當時是這座地窖數十年來首次開放。很多作品受荷蘭藝術的影響，包括倫布蘭特的作品副本。藝術家的身份仍然是個謎。一些人推測，作者可能是奧地利的科斯馬斯或者維也納畫家託拜厄斯·波克。兩人都曾與聖方濟會托鉢僧一同工作。至於主題是由藝術家選擇還是地窖的贊助人，Kolowrat家族的伊麗莎白·阿波羅尼亞伯爵夫人選擇，仍然未知。

t Burial

2.心葬

In 2015, archaeologists unearthed five 400-year-old hearts from the crypt under the Convent of the Jacobins in Rennes, France. The embalmed organs were buried in heart-shaped lead urns, which feature inscriptions revealing ownership details. Dated to the 16th and 17th centuries, these preserved pumps were discovered by teams inspecting the convent before it becomes a conference center. They are part of a long tradition of "heart burials."

2015年，考古學家在法國雅各賓派的修道院地窖內發現了五個有400年曆史的心臟。這些經過防腐處理的器官被埋在心形的鉛甕中，上面的題文記錄了心臟主人的詳情。這些保存完好的心臟可以追溯到16與17世紀。在這座修道院被改建成會議中心之前，考古團隊對其進行檢查，結果發現了這些心臟。它們是歷史悠久的“心葬”傳統的產物。

The hearts were cleaned and removed of embalming material so that they could be analyzed with MRI and CT technology to get a glimpse into ancient circulation. One heart had no disease, while three others showed serious blockages, including plaque and atherosclerosis.

考古學家對這些心臟進行清理並將它們從防腐物質中取出，以便通過核磁共振與CT進行分析，瞭解古老的循環機能。其中一個心臟沒有任何疾病，另外有三個心臟有嚴重的堵塞，包括動脈硬化。

Researchers discovered a knight's heart inside the grave of Louise de Quengo, Lady of Brefeillac. It belonged to her husband, Toussaint Perrien. The practice of being buried with the heart of one's spouse was common during this period.

研究人員在露易·迪昂古的墳墓中發現了一名騎士的心臟。這枚心臟的主人是她的丈夫，圖森特·佩利安。與配偶的心臟葬在一起在這一時期非常普遍。

s's Family

1.耶穌的家庭

In 1980, archaeologists discovered a hidden crypt in Jerusalem. The Talpiot Tomb contained ten mysterious ossuaries. Some claim these boxes, meant for holding human remains, are definitive proof that this was the final resting place of Jesus of Nazareth and his family. This discovery meant that Christ not only was not raised from the dead, but had a wife and children.

1980年，考古學家在耶路撒冷發現了一座隱蔽的地窖。墓室內有十個神祕的骨灰甕。一些人認爲，這些專門用來盛放人體殘骸的盒子充分證明這裏是拿撒勒的耶穌和他家族的安息之地。這一發現表明，救世主不僅沒有復活，還有妻子和孩子。

Inscriptions on the ossuaries reveal them to belong to "Jesus, Son of Joseph," "Mary, the master," and even "Judas, son of Jesus." Some have been lead to believe that this means Christ, Mary Magdalene, and their son.

盒子上的題文顯示，他們分別是“耶穌，約瑟之子”，“瑪麗，主人”，甚至還有“猶大，耶穌之子”。有人據此認爲，這些題文指的就是基督、瑪麗·瑪格達萊妮和他們的兒子。

Some critics argue, however, that the name "Jesus" is actually "Hanun." Others believe the inscription on Mary's ossuary has been mistranslated and should read "Mariam and Mara." They believe this ossuary contains the remains of two females. In addition, the inscription on Mary's ossuary is in Greek, while the others are in Aramaic.

但一些評論家提出異議，“耶穌”這個名字實際是“哈嫩”（。另有人認爲，瑪麗骨灰甕上的題文被錯譯，應該讀作“瑪利亞姆與瑪拉”。他們認爲這個罐子裏盛放了兩位女性的遺骨。此外，瑪麗骨灰甕上的題文用希臘語撰寫，而其他盒子上都是阿拉姆語。