今天開始改掉這5個壞習慣

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says avoidable behaviors like cigarette use, poor diet and lack of exercise are the underlying cause of half of the deaths in the United States. A new study finds it's never too late to gain health benefits by knocking off such bad habits.
美國疾病預防控制中心表示，美國有一半的死亡是受到吸菸、不合理飲食以及缺乏運動等行爲的潛在影響，而這些行爲都是可以避免的。一項最新研究發現，要使健康受益，任何時候戒除這些壞習慣都爲時不晚。

During a five-year study, researchers tested the walking speeds of 2,000 people who either sMoke, were smokers, or had never smoked. Current smokers walked more slowly than those who had stopped. The findings will be presented next week at the American Geriatrics Society's Annual Meeting.
在一項爲期5年的研究中，研究者們對2000個吸菸者、已戒菸者和從不吸菸者的行走速度進行了測試。尚在吸菸者比已戒菸者的行走速度要慢很多。這些發現將於下週舉行的美國老年病學會年會上公佈。

The results suggest that even at an older age, changing bad habits such as smoking can positively impact a senior's health later in life. Study leader Alison Moore of the American Geriatrics Society this week suggested five bad habits that should be halted if you wish to live longer.
這些研究結果顯示，即使年歲已長，改掉吸菸等壞習慣仍能對老年人晚年的健康產生積極影響。本週，領導這項研究的美國老年病學會的艾莉森·摩爾提出了五個應該戒除的壞習慣——這樣你可以活得更長點兒。

5、Bad Food Choices 不合理飲食

Weight can cause multiple health problems and complications, including diabetes, heart disease and stroke, Moore said. We'd like to add that it can cause reduced sex desire.
艾莉森·摩爾表示，肥胖可以導致多種健康問題和併發症，包括糖尿病、心臟病和中風。而我們還想補充一點，那就是肥胖還會導致性慾減退。

Substituting good carbohydrates (sweet potatoes, wheat bread, brown rice) for bad carbohydrates (white potatoes, white bread, white rice) and adding lean proteins, while limiting foods with high fat and sugar contents, will help seniors maintain a healthy weight, she said. Not bad advice for Junior, either.
她說，用好的碳水化合物（比如紅薯、全麥麪包、糙米）代替壞的碳水化合物（比如土豆、白麪包、白米），增加瘦肉蛋白，同時限制高脂肪、高糖食物，將會幫助老年人保持健康的體重。而這對年輕人來說也不失爲一個好建議。

4、Smoking and Drinking 吸菸和飲酒

Smoking and excessive alcohol intake is proven to have negative health effects on a person at any age, but seniors who smoke and drink regularly increase their chances of more advanced medical problems. The effects of many medications are altered when mixed with alcohol, which can pose serious health risks, especially for seniors taking multiple medications, Moore said.
吸菸和過量飲酒被證明對任何年齡的人的健康都有負面影響，而那些習慣吸菸和飲酒的老年人將面臨更多、更復雜的藥物問題。摩爾說，許多藥物與酒精混合後效果會改變，這會爲老年人尤其是服用多種藥物的老年人帶來嚴重的健康風險。

3、Couch Potato Syndrome懶散綜合症

As people age, they often slow down and feel like they can't do as much as they did when they were young. While physical activity sometimes becomes restricted due to health ailments, that doesn't mean the brain needs to slow down. There are a variety of activities seniors can do to keep their minds focused and sharp, including word puzzles, interactive games, joining a book club or participating in other social and volunteer activities, Moore said.
當年紀漸長時，人們常常會行動遲緩，並且覺得自己無法再像年輕時那樣做很多事。雖然身體的活動有時候會因健康問題而受到限制，但這並不意味着腦子也要慢下來。摩爾表示，老年人可以做很多事情以保持思維的集中和敏捷，比如填字遊戲、互動遊戲、參加讀書俱樂部或者參與其他社會活動和志願活動。

2、Messing Up Medications 用藥混亂

The majority of seniors are on multiple medications and sometimes find it difficult or too bothersome to remember when and which medications to take each day. As a result, some seniors "adjust" their daily medication routine without talking to their physicians, Moore notes. To help keep medications organized and alleviate frustration, seniors should use weekly or monthly pill boxes and have a family member or friend help them fill pill boxes on a regular basis or make a color coded chart to help keep track of their pills and the times they need to be taken, she said.
大多數老年人同時在服用多種藥物，有時候他們會覺得要記住每天在什麼時候服用何種藥物是相當困難和麻煩的事。於是乎，一些老年人沒有與醫生商量就 “調整”了每日的用藥程序。摩爾提醒說，要想使藥物組織有序，避免用藥困擾，老年人應該使用每週或每月藥片盒，並且需要一個親屬或者朋友幫助他們按照規律填滿藥盒，或者製作一個色碼錶幫助他們瞭解何時該吃什麼藥。

1、Lack of Exercise 缺乏運動

Keeping physically active is integral to keeping the heart, mind and bones healthy. For some seniors, physical restrictions make exercise a challenge, but there are still small ways to incorporate physical activity into a daily routine, such as parking further away from the store to get in a short walk. And, programs such as yoga, Pilates or Tai Chi can help with balance and weight loss and can be adapted to all levels of physical ability, Moore said.
堅持運動對於保持心臟、思維和骨骼的健康是不可或缺的。摩爾指出，對一些老年人來說，身體狀況的約束使得體育鍛煉頗具挑戰性，但是仍然有些小辦法可以讓體育鍛煉成爲日常活動的一部分。比如停車時離商場稍遠一些，這樣就可以進行一次短途的徒步走。此外，一些運動項目比如瑜伽、普拉提或者太極拳可以幫助保持平衡性和減肥，它們對不同體質的人們來說都適用。

While it's not yet clear what role exercise plays in weight loss, it is soundly proven to pack a host of health benefits, including helping to keep the mind sharp.
雖然目前還不清楚體育鍛煉在減肥中是如何發揮作用的，但是非常確定的是體育鍛煉對健康而言好處多多，而且有助於保持思維敏捷。