尼日利亞現第二起埃博拉聚集性病例

The World Health Organization expressed worry on Wednesday about a second cluster of Ebola virus patients in Nigeria — in the center of its oil industry — because one of the three confirmed victims was a doctor who had treated patients and socialized after he became contagious.

世界衛生組織(World Health Organization)週三對尼日利亞出現第二起感染埃博拉病毒的聚集性病例表示擔憂。這次的病例出現在該國石油產業的中心城市，而擔憂的原因在於，三名確診的病患之一是名醫生，而他在具有傳染性之後曾治療病人並參加社交活動。

The doctor, in the southern city of Port Harcourt, died on Aug. 22, and his infection was confirmed five days later. On its website, the W.H.O. said that More than 200 people might be at risk.

這名醫生身處南部城市哈科特港，於8月22日死亡，五天後被確診是感染了埃博拉病毒。世衛組織在其網站上宣佈，可能有200多人面臨感染風險。

The W.H.O. said this second cluster had indirectly resulted from a quarantine lapse in the first cluster of Ebola cases that hit Lagos, the capital, in July, and was potentially far more serious. Tracing the spread of the disease in Port Harcourt, the statement said, revealed “multiple high-risk opportunities for transmission of the virus to others.”

世衛組織表示，間接導致這第二起聚集性病例的是尼日利亞首都拉各斯7月份出現第一起埃博拉聚集性病例時發生的一次隔離失誤，而這一次的問題有可能要嚴重得多。聲明表示，追蹤哈科特港的疾病傳播狀況時發現，存在“多次將病毒傳染給他人的高風險機會”。

Ebola has primarily afflicted three countries in West Africa — Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone — where hundreds of people have died in recent weeks in what W.H.O. officials have called the worst outbreak of the disease ever recorded. While the toll in Nigeria has been far more limited, officials are particularly worried about it because it is Africa’s most populous country.

埃博拉病毒目前主要在非洲西部的幾內亞、利比里亞和塞拉利昂肆虐，導致這三個國家最近數週裏有成百上千人死亡。世衛組織官員稱之爲有歷史記錄以來最爲嚴重的埃博拉疫情。儘管尼日利亞的死亡人數要少得多，但它讓官員們頗爲擔憂，因爲這裏是非洲人口最稠密的國家。

The W.H.O. has been criticized by some other medical advocates for what they call its initial failure to mobilize adequately against Ebola when the outbreak surfaced in West Africa months ago.

世衛組織遭到了其他一些醫療倡導機構的批評。後者認爲，幾個月前非洲西部冒出埃博拉疫情爆發的苗頭時，世衛組織最初未能恰當地進行動員，加以應對。

The Lagos cases were traced to a traveler from Liberia, and Nigerian officials thought they had basically contained the spread. But the health organization’s statement said one person in Lagos escaped a quarantine in early August and sought treatment from a doctor in Port Harcourt, nearly 400 miles away. That doctor became infected and developed symptoms after a few days, was hospitalized on Aug. 16 and died of Ebola less than a week later.

拉各斯的病例可以追溯到一名來自利比里亞的旅客身上。尼日利亞官員本來以爲，他們已經基本控制住了疫情的蔓延。不過，世衛組織的聲明稱，拉各斯有一人在8月初逃脫了隔離，跑去近400英里（約合640公里）外的哈科特港尋求治療。治療此人的醫生隨即感染上了病毒，幾天後出現症狀，於8月16日入院治療，不到一週後死於埃博拉。

Even as he developed symptoms, the statement said, the doctor “continued to treat patients at his private clinic, and operated on at least two.” Moreover, the statement said, before he was hospitalized the doctor “had numerous contacts with the community, as relatives and friends visited his home to celebrate the birth of a baby.”

聲明中表示，即便是在出現症狀後，這名醫生仍“繼續在他的私人診所中治療病患，還至少對兩人實施了手術”。此外，文中稱，在入院治療之前，這名醫生“已與社羣進行了多次接觸，因爲親友紛紛前往他的住所慶賀一名嬰兒的誕生”。

It said visitors to his hospital room had included members of his church who performed a healing ritual that could have exposed them as well.

聲明還說道，前往病房探望他的包括一些教友。這些人進行的祈禱治癒儀式也可能讓他們受到病毒侵襲。

The other two confirmed cases in Port Harcourt are the dead doctor’s wife, who is also a doctor, and another patient at the same hospital. The W.H.O. statement said that epidemiologists were monitoring “more than 200 contacts” and that 60 were considered especially vulnerable.

哈科特港的另外兩個確診病例分別爲，身亡醫生的妻子——她同樣是一名醫生——以及同一所醫院的另一名病人。世衛組織的聲明表示，流行病學專家正在監控“逾200名接觸者”，其中60人被認爲風險尤其高。

It said the Ebola outbreak in Port Harcourt had “the potential to grow larger and spread faster than the one in Lagos.”

文中稱，哈科特港的埃博拉疫情“有可能比拉各斯發展得範圍更廣、擴散得更快”。

Discovered in 1976, Ebola is an aggressive virus that causes high fevers, extreme weakness and internal bleeding, with a fatality rate as high as 90 percent.

於1976年發現的埃博拉病毒發病兇猛，能導致高熱、極度虛弱和內出血，致死率高達90%。

In Washington, the head of the W.H.O., Dr. Margaret Chan, said Wednesday at a news conference that there had been at least 3,500 Ebola cases, with more than 1,900 deaths. She called the outbreak “the largest and most severe and most complex we’ve ever seen in the nearly 40-year history of this disease.”

週三，世衛組織總幹事陳馮富珍博士(Margaret Chan)在華盛頓召開的新聞發佈會上表示，目前累計的埃博拉病例數至少爲3500人，死亡數逾1900人。她將這次疫情稱爲“在該疾病近40年的歷史中，規模最大、最爲嚴重、最爲複雜的一次爆發”。

Last week, the organization, based in Geneva, said Ebola could afflict more than 20,000 people before it was brought under control.

上週，總部位於日內瓦的世衛組織表示，控制住這次埃博拉疫情之前，它可能會感染逾2萬人。