《國土安全》被植入抗議塗鴉

LONDON — In a recent episode of Showtime’s hit series “Homeland,” the former C.I.A. officer Carrie Mathison is escorted by a Hezbollah militant past a wall in a fictional Syrian refugee camp covered with Arabic graffiti.

倫敦——在Showtime熱播劇《國土安全》(Homeland)的最新一集中，前中情局(CIA)特工凱莉·馬西森(Carrie Mathison)在一名真主黨(Hezbollah)武裝分子的護送下，走過了虛構的敘利亞難民營的一道圍牆，牆上有一些阿拉伯文的塗鴉。

Attentive viewers who read Arabic, however, might have noticed something awry. Among the messages spray-painted on the walls: “ ‘Homeland’ is racist,” “There is no ‘Homeland’ ” and “ ‘Homeland’ is not a show.”

但是，懂阿拉伯語的細心觀衆可能注意到了一些古怪。因爲噴塗在牆上的句子是：“《國土安全》是種族主義節目”、“沒有‘國土安全’這回事”、“《國土安全》不像樣”。

The subversive messages seemingly escaped the notice of the producers of the television series.

這些顛覆性的句子似乎逃過了這部劇集創作者的眼睛。

On Wednesday, an Egyptian artist, Heba Y. Amin, and two other artists, Caram Kapp and Stone, took credit for the graffiti, saying it was a subtle protest of false and misleading stereotypes in the series, which has been heavily criticized for its portrayals of Muslims.

週三，埃及藝術家何貝·Y·阿明(Heba Y. Amin)，和其他兩位藝術家卡蘭姆·卡普(Caram Kapp)和斯通(Stone)自稱是這些塗鴉的創作者。他們表示，此舉是對這部劇集中傳達的那些虛假的、有誤導性的刻板印象的微妙抗議。該劇對穆斯林的刻畫已經遭到一些人的嚴厲批評。

Ms. Amin said she and her colleagues had been hired by the show’s producers to add authenticity to the camp depicted in the episode — Season 5, Episode 2 — aired in the United States on Sunday and filmed on the outskirts of Berlin.

阿明說，她和同事受僱於該節目的製作方，爲第5季第2集中虛構的難民營增添真實感。該集拍攝於柏林的郊區，上週日在美國播出。

The three, who call themselves Arabian Street Artists, said they had used the opportunity to vent their “political discontent” with the show.

三個人自稱是“阿拉伯街頭藝術家”(Arabian Street Artists)，他們表示，自己利用了這個機會來發泄對該劇集的“政治不滿”。

“The series has garnered the reputation of being the most bigoted show on television for its inaccurate, undifferentiated and highly biased depiction of Arabs, Pakistanis and Afghans, as well as its gross misrepresentations of the cities of Beirut, Islamabad — and the so-called Muslim world in general,” the artists said in their statement on Ms. Amin’s website, asserting that they had “hacked” the series. “For four seasons, and entering its fifth, ‘Homeland’ has maintained the dichotomy of the photogenic, mainly white, mostly American protector versus the evil and backwards Muslim threat.”

“這部劇集得到了‘偏見最多電視劇’的名聲，因爲它對阿拉伯人、巴基斯坦人和阿富汗人的描繪不準確、不加區別，且存在極大的偏見，嚴重歪曲了貝魯特、伊斯蘭堡等城市，乃至整個所謂的穆斯林世界，”這些藝術家在阿明網站上發佈的一份聲明中表示。他們稱自己對該劇採取了“黑客攻擊”。“在前四季和第五季開播以來，《國土安全》堅持截然兩分的人物設定：一方是上鏡的、以白人和美國人爲主的捍衛者，另一方是邪惡、落後的穆斯林的威脅。”

Alex Gansa, co-creator of “Homeland,” acknowledged the ruse. “We wish we’d caught these images before they made it to air,” he said in a statement. “However, as ‘Homeland’ always strives to be subversive in its own right and a stimulus for conversation, we can’t help but admire this act of artistic sabotage.”

《國土安全》的主創之一亞歷克斯·岡薩(Alex Gansa)承認被捉弄了。“要是在播出之前發現這些畫面就好了，”他在一份聲明中說。“不過，《國土安全》始終致力於成爲一部顛覆性的劇集，引發大家的交談，因此我們也不禁佩服這種藝術性的破壞行爲。”

Claire Danes has won two Emmys and two Golden Globe awards for her portrayal of Ms. Mathison, an intelligence officer who struggles with bipolar disorder. But the series itself has been consistently criticized for inaccurate and inconsistent portrayals.

馬西森是一位患有躁鬱症的特工，克萊爾·戴恩斯(Claire Danes)因扮演這個角色榮獲了兩項艾美獎和兩項金球獎。但一直有人批評這部劇集本身的描繪不準確、前後不一致。

The three artists criticized the first season for suggesting that Al Qaeda was an “Iranian venture” that had sought revenge against the United States on behalf of Iran. Al Qaeda is a Sunni Muslim extremist network, which Shiite Iran and its Lebanese proxy, Hezbollah, have in recent years treated as, in some ways, a more imminent danger than Israel.

這三位藝術家批評，該劇集的第一季曾暗示基地組織(Al Qaeda)是“伊朗策劃的”，試圖代表伊朗報復美國。基地組織是一個遜尼派穆斯林極端主義組織，而最近幾年，從某種角度而言，屬於什葉派的伊朗，以及伊朗在黎巴嫩的代理人真主黨，把基地組織看成是比以色列更加迫切的威脅。

In October 2012, Lebanon’s tourism minister at the time, Fadi Abboud, threatened to sue the makers of the series for their depiction of Beirut, the Lebanese capital. The program’s portrayal showed a group of terrorists meeting on Hamra Street, which was depicted as a center for militia violence; in real life, the street is a cosmopolitan road with a Starbucks, outdoor cafes and women in outfits ranging from skimpy to fully veiled. Mr. Abboud was particularly angry that the episode had been filmed in Israel, which is officially at war with Lebanon.

2012年10月，黎巴嫩時任旅遊部長法迪·阿布德(Fadi Abboud)威脅要起訴該劇的創作人員，原因就是他們對黎巴嫩首都貝魯特的描繪。在該劇中，一羣恐怖分子在哈姆拉街(Hamra Street)碰頭，那條街道被塑造成了一個武裝暴力的中心。而在現實生活中，那是一條國際化的馬路，能看到星巴克(Starbucks)、露天咖啡館，街上的女性有的衣着暴露，也有的遮得嚴嚴實實。阿布德特別憤怒的是，該劇是在以色列拍攝的。理論上，黎巴嫩和以色列還處於交戰狀態。

Ms. Amin and her colleagues said the show demonstrated its insensitivity by “naming a key terrorist character after the former real-life Pakistani ambassador to the United States.” (The character is Haissam Haqqani; the ambassador, Husain Haqqani, who served from 2008 to 2011, is an eminent scholar who has written frequently — and highly critically of the Pakistan government — for The New York Times and other publications.)

阿明和同事稱，該劇“讓一名關鍵恐怖分子的角色和現實生活中的前巴基斯坦駐美大使同名”，這顯示出該劇缺乏敏感。（劇中的角色叫海賽姆·哈卡尼[Haissam Haqqani]，現實生活中的人物叫侯賽因·哈卡尼[Husain Haqqani]，從2008年到2011年擔任駐美大使，他是一位知名學者，常常爲《紐約時報》和其他刊物撰文，對巴基斯坦政府持很強的批評態度。）

In a phone interview, Ms. Amin said she was particularly aggrieved by what she called the show’s misleading distortions of reality in the Middle East. “The framing of events and brainwashing about the region has a real impact on foreign policy because millions of people are getting their information from the show and can’t differentiate between facts and fiction,” she said. “No doubt that it looks good and is well acted, but I had boycotted the show as it is so frustrating and insulting to watch it.”

在接受電話採訪時，阿明稱該劇對中東的真實情況的誤導性歪曲，讓她感到特別憤憤不平。“對劇情的設定，以及有關該地區的洗腦行爲，真的會影響外交政策。因爲數以百萬計的人是從該劇獲取信息的，他們無法區分事實和虛構，”她說。“毋庸置疑，該劇看上去不錯，表演精彩，但我抵制這部劇，因爲看它會讓人感到非常失望和屈辱。”

The artists said they were first contacted in June by a friend who was active in the street art scene in Berlin. It was then that their plan took root. “It was our moment to make our point by subverting the message using the show itself,” they wrote. Ms. Amin said that the series was easy to dupe, as there did not seem to be stringent fact-checking, and that she had noticed many linguistic Arabic inaccuracies in the past.

這些藝術家稱，最早是在7月，柏林一個活躍於街頭藝術佈景圈的朋友聯繫到他們。他們的計劃正是那個時候開始的。“是我們用這部劇來推翻虛假信息的時候了，”他們寫道。阿明說，節目組很好騙，因爲似乎沒有嚴格的事實查證措施，而且她過去就注意到了很多不通順的阿拉伯語。

The three said that they had been given a set of images of graffiti supporting President Bashar al-Assad of Syria to emulate at the set of a fictional camp on the Lebanese-Syrian border, and they were instructed to make theirs apolitical. They said they were given two days to complete the task, and speculated that the set designers were too busy to notice the what they had written or did not understand Arabic.

他們三人說，在一個虛構的位於黎巴嫩和敘利亞邊境的難民營的佈景現場，有人給了他們一系列支持敘利亞總統巴沙爾·阿薩德(Bashar al-Assad)的塗鴉作品用來模仿，並吩咐他們要讓自己的作品沒有政治傾向。他們說當時只給了他們兩天時間，因此猜測佈景設計師太忙，沒有留意他們寫的內容，或者是不懂阿拉伯語。