土耳其總理稱該國將實行總統制

Recep Tayyip Erdogan, the president of Turkey, will plough ahead with plans to overhaul the constitution and strengthen his own powers, his prime minister has signalled.

土耳其總理髮出信號表明，總統雷傑普•塔伊普•埃爾多安(Recep Tayyip Erdogan)將推進修改憲法和加強其本人權力的計劃。

Binali Yildirim said a strong presidential system was vital for stability after an opposition leader hinted at his support.

比納利•耶伊爾德勒姆(Binali Yildirim)表示，一個強大的總統制對於穩定至關重要，此前一位反對黨領袖暗示他的支持。

“Turkey must give the de facto situation a legal status,” he said yesterday. “We will at once take steps in this direction and let either parliament or the people decide.”

“土耳其必須給予事實上的現狀一個法律地位，”他昨日表示，“我們將立即朝着這個方向採取行動，然後讓議會或者人民來決定。”

Mr Yildirim’s comments pave the way for a referendum that could widen rifts between the millions of people who support Mr Erdogan and his opponents.

耶伊爾德勒姆的評論爲公投鋪平了道路，這樣的公投可能擴大數百萬埃爾多安的支持者和他的反對者之間的裂痕。

Turkey’s western allies and foreign investors have voiced increasing alarm at the erosion of checks and balances in an important Nato member and emerging economy since an attempted coup in July left 270 people dead.

在土耳其7月的一次未遂政變導致270人死亡後，土耳其的西方盟友和外國投資者表示，他們日益因一個重要北約(Nato)成員國和新興經濟體的制衡制度受到侵蝕而恐慌。

Mr Erdogan, who has dominated Turkey’s political scene since 2003, has long made clear his wish to switch from parliamentary system to a presidential one.

自2003年以來一直主宰土耳其政治舞臺的埃爾多安長期明確表示，他希望將該國從議會制轉爲總統制。

The ruling Justice and Development party (AKP), which he co-founded, favours a US-style executive presidency that would allow strong decision-making and avoid a return to the volatile coalition politics of past decades.

埃爾多安共同創立的土耳其執政黨正義與發展黨(AKP)青睞美國式的由總統掛帥的行政當局，這樣的體制將爲強勢決策打開大門，避免回到過去幾十年動盪的聯合執政的政治。

Critics have said the changes would enhance the power of a man who has undermined freedom of the press and judiciary and concentrated too much power in his own hands.

批評人士表示，這些改變將加強埃爾多安的權力，而他已經削弱了新聞和司法機構的自由，將過多權力一把抓在自己手裏。

Mr Erdogan has strayed far from the largely ceremonial presidency laid out in the constitution since switching from the role of prime minister in 2014. His powers have been further strengthened by a state of emergency that allows him to rule by decree.

自2014年從總理轉任總統後，埃爾多安已經遠遠偏離憲法規定的基本上只是儀式性的總統角色。未遂政變後出臺的允許他通過法令執政的緊急狀態，更使他的權力進一步加強。

Previous attempts to usher in a presidential system have been stymied by hostility from opposition parties and the public. The plan was the centrepiece of the AKP’s election platform in June 2015 and was blamed for its surprise failure to win an outright majority for the first time since 2002. The AKP regained its majority in snap elections five months later, but did not win the two-thirds parliamentary backing required to alter the constitution.

此前引入總統制的嘗試因爲反對黨和公衆的敵意而受阻。該計劃是2015年6月正義與發展黨競選綱領的核心，曾被認爲是該黨意外地未能贏得絕對多數席位的原因，那是自2002年以來首次出現這種情況。正義與發展黨在5個月後的提前選舉中重新取得多數席位，但並未贏得修憲所需要的三分之二的議會席位。

However, 14 more seats would take it past the 330 required for a referendum.

然而，如果再多14個席位，該黨掌握的席位就將超過舉行公投所需要的330個席位。