研究顯示 超重可增加8種癌症的發生風險

A study published last Thursday in The New England Journal of Medicine found excess weight was linked to eight additional types of cancer— stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, ovary, the brain tumor meningioma, thyroid cancer and multiple myeloma— after reviewing more than 1,000 related studies.

上週四發表在《新英格蘭醫學雜誌》上的一項研究發現，超重與八種額外的癌症類型相關聯，它們分別是胃癌、肝癌、膽囊癌、胰腺癌、卵巢癌、腦瘤腦膜癌、甲狀腺癌以及多發性骨髓癌。這是研究人員在回顧1000多個相關案例後發現的。

Research in 2002 by the same team, led by study author Dr. Graham Colditz, under the the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), drew a link between excess weight and a higher risk of colon, esophagus, kidney, brEast and uterus cancer.

2002年，同一團隊在研究作者格拉哈姆·科爾迪茨的帶領下，在世界衛生組織國際癌症研究機構下進行研究，發現超重能夠增加腸癌、食道癌、乳腺癌和子宮癌的風險。

"The burden of cancer due to being overweight or obese is more extensive than what has been assumed," Colditz, deputy director for the Institute for Public Health at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, said in a news release.

聖路易斯華盛頓大學醫學院公共健康研究院的副院長科爾迪茨在一場新聞發佈會上表示：“因超重或肥胖造成的癌症比之前認爲的要廣泛得多。”

"Many of the newly identified cancers linked to excess weight haven't been on people's radar screens as having a weight component."

“許多最新研究證實，與超重相關的癌症並沒有引起人們的注意，人們並不認爲它們與體重相關聯。”

While previous studies have found obesity can increase the chances of developing health issues like diabetes and heart disease, which can also raise the risk of early death, study authors noted excess weight can specifically drive cancer growth by promoting inflammation.

以前的研究已發現肥胖會增加健康疾病的風險，如糖尿病和心臟病，而且還會增加早逝的風險。研究作者指出，超重還會通過促進炎症而促使癌症增長。

Being overweight or obese leads to an overproduction of estrogen, testosterone and insulin, which can further fuel the progression of cancer.

超重或肥胖會導致雌性激素、睾丸素以及胰島素的過度分泌，最終加劇癌症的發展。

Researchers observed that the higher a person's body mass index (BMI), the greater his or her cancer risk was.

研究人員觀察到，個體的身體質量指數（BMI）越高，他/她患癌症的風險就越大。

According to the National Institutes of Health, for adult men and women, a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 indicates a healthy weight. Overweight is defined as a BMI between 25 and 29.9, and a BMI of 30 or higher indicates obesity.

據國立衛生研究院稱，對成年男性和女性而言，BMI在18.5-24.9之間意味着體重在健康範圍內。超重指的是BMI指數在25-29.9，而BMI大於等於30則意味着肥胖。

In the study, the cancer risk-BMI trend was similar among men and women, and remained consistent across North America, Europe, Asia and the Middle East when data were available, according to the release.

研究中，男性和女性的癌症風險與BMI趨勢非常相似，據發佈會稱，北美、歐洲、亞洲和中東能採集到數據的區域，該趨勢也保持一致。

"Lifestyle factors such as eating a healthy diet, maintaining a healthy weight and exercising, in addition to not smoking, can have a significant impact on reducing cancer risk," Colditz said in the release.

“生活習慣因素，包括健康飲食、保持健康體重和鍛鍊，加上不抽菸，能夠大幅度降低癌症風險。”科爾迪茨在發佈會上說道。

"Significant numbers of the U.S. and the world's population are overweight. This is another wake-up call. It's time to take our health and our diets seriously."

“美國和全球人口中有數量相當龐大的人羣面臨超重。這爲我們敲響了另一個警鐘，是時候認真對待我們的健康和飲食了。”