新研究發現:每天吸食大麻或增加精神病風險大綱

As More states legalize marijuana, people are starting to believe it's A-OK to smoke pot. And it's easy to understand why. If it's legal, it can't be that bad for you, right? Actually, not necessarily. New research shows daily marijuana users, especially those who use high-potency weed, may be three times more likely to develop a psychotic disorder, like schizophrenia, than non-users.

隨着美國越來越多的州宣佈大麻合法化，人們開始認爲吸食大麻無害。原因顯而易見。如果大麻是合法的，那它肯定無害啊，不是嗎？實際上，並不盡然。新研究表明：每天都吸食大麻的人，尤其是吸食強效大麻的人，患精神分裂等精神病的可能性是不吸食者的三倍。

The study, published in The Lancet Psychiatry, looked at 901 people ages 18 to 64 who were first diagnosed with psychosisthis between 2010 and 2015. (Psychosis is considered to be any disorder that causes a person to lose touch with reality.) The participants were diagnosed at mental health facilities across 11 cities in Europe and Brazil.

研究發表在《柳葉刀精神病學》雜誌上，研究員在2010年至2015年觀察了901位首次被診斷出患有精神病的患者，他們的年齡在18至64歲之間。（精神病被認爲是一種導致個人與現實失去聯繫的疾病。）受試者在歐洲和巴西的11個城市的精神健康機構被診斷出精神疾病。

The researchers then asked those diagnosed with psychosis as well as a group of more than 1,200 healthy people about their weed habits-things like if they used weed, how often, and what kind. The researchers were then able to identify how much THC (the psychoactive compound in weed) people were getting based on they reported using.

隨後，研究員瞭解了這些被診斷出精神病的患者與1200多名健康人羣的吸食大麻習慣--比如他們是否吸食大麻、頻率如何、吸食哪種大麻等。之後，研究員根據他們的吸食情況，確定每個人體內的四氫大麻酚水平（大麻中影響精神的化合物）。

They found the participants who used pot daily were three times more likely to develop psychosis than those who had never used the drug. That number increased to a startling five times more likely for those who used high-potency cannabis-anything with at least 10% THC-daily. In fact, the cities where high-potency weed is most commonly used (London, Paris, and Amsterdam) had the highest rates of new diagnoses of psychosis.

他們發現：吸食大麻的受試者患精神病的可能性是不吸食大麻的受試者的三倍。對於每日吸食強效大麻（至少含有10%的四氫大麻酚）的受試者而言，該可能性增加到五倍，十分驚人。事實上，吸食強效大麻最頻繁的城市（倫敦、巴黎和阿姆斯特丹）有着最高的精神病診斷率。

So how common is high-potency weed, anyway? Turns out it's more common than you think. A recent study published in the European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience found the average potency of weed in Europe and the U.S. in 2017 was 17.1%, nearly double the 8.9% average in 2008.

所以，強效大麻究竟有多普遍呢？事實表明，它比你以爲的更常見。《歐洲精神病學和臨牀神經科學檔案》（European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience）近期刊出的一項研究發現：2017年歐洲和美國吸食大麻的平均強度爲17.1%，幾乎是2008年平均強度的一倍（8.9%）。

It is important to note, however, that this study doesn't prove that using marijuana directly causes psychosis. More research would need to be done before we can say that for sure.

然而，重要的是，這項研究並未證明每日吸食大麻會導致精神病。在肯定這一說法之前，還需要開展更多研究。