報告指出 肥胖將取代吸菸成爲女性患癌首因

Obesity will overtake smoking as the biggest preventable cause of cancer in women, a report from Cancer Research UK has suggested.

英國癌症研究會的一份報告指出，肥胖將取代吸菸成爲女性患癌的最大可預防原因。

This "crossover point" will occur in 25 years from now if current trends persist. The charity is now calling for a campaign to raise awareness of the fact that obesity leads to cancer -- with only one in seven Britons currently aware that such a link exists.

如果目前的趨勢持續下去，“轉折點”將在25年後出現。該慈善機構目前正呼籲發起一場運動，以提高人們對肥胖致癌這一事實的認識--目前只有1/7的英國人知道存在這樣的關聯。

Britain was last year named as the most overweight nation in western Europe, with obesity rates rising at a higher level than in the US.

去年，英國被列爲西歐“最肥胖”的國家，其肥胖率的上升幅度高於美國。

The reasons for the predicted shift identified in the report are twofold with both fewer people smoking and an increased incidence of obesity and weight problems in the nation at large.

預計將出現上述變化的原因有兩個：一是吸菸人數減少，二是英國全國的肥胖和體重問題發生率上升。

Public health bodies have long warned of a weight-related epidemic in the UK, with some 62 per cent of the population deemed obese or overweight.

公共健康機構早就警告英國要防範與體重相關的流行病，約62%的英國人被認爲肥胖或超重。

Meanwhile, the prevalence of smoking in the UK is now projected to decrease by around four percentage points to 22 per cent of the population by 2025, while overweight and obesity issues in the UK are projected to increase by a similar amount over the same time frame.

與此同時，預計英國菸民佔總人口的比例到2025年將下降約4個百分點至22%，而預計同期英國的超重和肥胖問題將出現同等程度的增長。

The crossover point will be reached in 2043 among the female population, the report concluded.

報告得出的結論是，在女性人口中，這個“轉折點”將出現在2043年。

Any such takeover among the male population is likely to happen much later on due to a higher occurrence of smoking-related cancers among men and a lower incidence of forms of the disease caused by weight problems.

由於在男性中與吸菸有關的癌症發病率較高，且體重問題導致的各種疾病發病率較低，在男性人口中出現這一變化的時間很可能要晚得多。

Professor Linda Bauld, a prevention expert at Cancer Research UK called on the government to launch a campaign to match that which has helped lead to a marked decrease in smoking over the past two decades.

英國癌症研究會的預防專家琳達·鮑德教授呼籲政府發起一場可與過去20年間促使吸菸率明顯下降的運動相媲美的運動。

"The decline in smoking is a cause for celebration. It shows how decades of effort to raise awareness about the health risks plus strong political action including taxation, removing tobacco marketing and a ban on smoking in indoor public places, have paid off," she said.

她說：“吸菸率下降值得慶祝。這表明，數十年來提高人們對健康風險認識的努力以及包括徵稅、取締菸草營銷活動和禁止在室內公共場所吸菸在內的強有力的政治行動取得了成效。”

"But, just as there is still more to do to support people to quit smoking, we also need to act now to halt the tide of weight-related cancers and ensure this projection never becomes a reality."

“但是，就像在支持人們戒菸方面還有很多事要做一樣，我們現在也需要行動起來，阻止與體重相關的癌症浪潮，確保上述預測結果永遠不會成爲現實。”

The charity has called for measures including a ban on TV adverts for junk food before the watershed and for restrictions on price promotions of less healthy food and drinks, echoing the combined awareness and legislative campaigns that have been deployed in recent years in response to other public health issues.

該機構呼籲採取措施，包括在轉折點到來前禁止播放推銷垃圾食品的電視廣告，限制不那麼健康的食品和飲料的降價促銷活動，這與近年來爲應對其他公共衛生問題而發起的提高認識和立法運動類似。

The report marks the first attempt to quantify and compare the predicted rates of cancer caused by smoking and weight issues in the UK.

該報告標誌着英國首次嘗試對吸菸和體重問題引發的癌症的預計發病率進行量化和比較。

Together, smoking and overweight and obesity could cause more than 95,000 UK cancer cases in 2035 alone -- compared with around 75,000 cases in 2015.

僅2035年一年，吸菸、超重和肥胖加在一起就可能在英國導致逾9.5萬例癌症病例，相比之下，2015年約有7.5萬例。