託福閱讀中常用固定搭配及句子擴展

托福考試前大家要注意平時多積累，幫助大家擴展託福詞彙積累，下面小編爲大家整理了託福閱讀中常用固定搭配及句子擴展，幫助大家掌握和理解這些固定搭配的使用方法，供大家積累和學習，跟着小編一起來看看。

託福閱讀中常用固定搭配及句子擴展

For the past+ 時間，S + 現在完成式...(過去...年來，...一直...)

例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.

過去兩年來，我一直忙着準備考試。

Since + S + 過去式，S + 現在完成式。

例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.

自從他上高中，他一直很用功。

It pays to + V ~ (...是值得的。)

例句：It pays to help others.

幫助別人是值得的。

be based on (以...爲基礎)

例句：The progress of thee society is based on harMony.

社會的進步是以和諧爲基礎的。

Spare no effort to + V (不遺餘力的)

例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

我們應該不遺餘力的美化我們的環境。

bring home to + 人 + 事 (讓...明白...事)

例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.

我們應該讓人們明白努力的價值。

be closely related to ~~ (與...息息相關)

例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health.

做運動與健康息息相關。

be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不...)

例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.

既然考試迫在眉睫，我不得不放棄做運動。

It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)

It is obvious that + 句子 (明顯的)

It is apparent that + 句子 (顯然的)

例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

可想而知，知識在我們的一生中扮演一個重要的角色。

That is the reason why ~ (那就是...的原因)

例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don't like it.

夏天很燠熱。那就是我不喜歡它的原因。

For the past+ 時間，S + 現在完成式...(過去...年來，...一直...)

託福閱讀背景知識之虛擬現實與化學療法

Grapefruit， orange and apple juices can harm the body's ability to absorb certain medications and make the drugs less effective， said a Canadian study released last week in the United States.

上週在美國發表的一篇加拿大研究報告指出，柚子汁、橙汁、蘋果汁會損害身體吸收某些藥物的功能，從而降低藥物的功效。

The research showed that these juices can decrease the effectiveness of certain drugs used to treat heart disease， cancer， organ-transplant rejection and infection， "potentially wiping out their beneficial effects，" it said.

此研究表明，這些果汁會降低某些治療心臟病、癌症、以及器官移植排斥和傳染的藥物的效力，並潛在抵消藥物有益的作用。

David Bailey， a professor of clinical pharmacology with the University of Western Ontario and leader of the study， was the first researcher to identify grapefruit juice's potential to increase the absorption of certain drugs two decades ago， possibly turning some doses toxic.

這次研究的負責人，西安大略大學的臨牀藥理學專家大衛·貝利，已於兩十年前首次證實了柚子汁可能會增加某種藥物的吸收，並可能形成一些有毒的物質。

The new findings came as part of his continuing research on the subject， and were presented at the 236th annual meeting of the American Chemical Society on Philadelphia， Pennsylvania.

這個新的發現作爲他在這個專題持續研究的一部分，在賓夕法尼亞州費城的美國化學協會第236屆的年會上發表。

"Recently， we discovered that grapefruit and these other fruit juices substantially decrease the oral absorption of certain drugs undergoing intestinal uptake transport，" AFP quoted Bailey as saying.

“最近，我們發現柚子汁和其他果汁大大地減少了某些口服藥物在腸道內攝入轉移的量。”支持貝利的AFP如是說。

"The concern is loss of benefit of medications essential for the treatment of serious medical conditions."

“真正的擔憂是藥物失去了其對於治療某些嚴重病情的本質療效。”

Healthy volunteers took fexofenadine， an antihistamine used to fight allergies， along with either a glass of grapefruit juice， a glass of water with naringin (which gives the bitter taste to grapefruit juice)， or plain water.

健康的志願者服用一種治療過敏症的抗組織胺藥fexofenadine，並分別用一杯柚子汁、泡柚皮甙的水(此種水會使柚子汁的味道更苦)和白開水送服。

Those who drank the grapefruit juice absorbed only half the amount of fexofenadine， compared to those who drank plain water.

那些用柚子汁送服的對fexofenadine的吸收量僅爲那些用純水送服的人的一半。

Researchers said the water with naringin served to block "a key drug uptake transporter， called OATP1A2， involved in shuttling drugs from the small intestine to the bloodstream."

研究者說，喝了泡有柚皮甙的水會阻礙一種叫做OATP1A2的關鍵的藥物輸送物質，該物質可以幫助藥物從小腸轉移至血液中。

Among the drugs affected by consumption of grapefruit， orange and apple juices are： etoposide， an anticancer agent; beta blockers (atenolol， celiprolol， talinolol) used to treat high blood pressure and prevent heart attacks; and certain antibiotics (ciprofloxacin， levofloxacin， itraconazole). More drugs were expected to be added to the list as the research continued.

受柚子，橙子，和蘋果汁影響的藥物有：抗癌作用劑依託泊苷;用來治療高血壓和防止心臟病發作的β-受體阻滯藥(阿替洛爾，塞替洛爾，他林洛爾);某些抗生素(環丙沙星，氧氟沙星，伊曲康唑)。隨着研究的進行將會有更多的藥物加入到這個列表中。

Bailey said patients should consult with a doctor about taking medications with juice， and stick to plain water when taking most medications.

貝利說病人用果汁送服藥物時應諮詢醫生的意見，並且服用大多數藥物時應堅持用白開水送服。

託福閱讀中關於貓的諺語和俚語

1. 貓cat一詞來自古英語catt，威爾士語叫做cath，西班牙語是gato，法語叫chat，德語則是kat，他們都源於拉丁語catus、 cattus或者catta，表示家貓domestic cat，相應野貓wildcat的拉丁語就是feles。英文裏常常把cat叫做pussycat，就跟我們把貓叫做貓咪一樣吧?日語的貓讀作ねこ neko。

2. 一隻貓叫做cat，一羣貓要叫什麼?有個專用詞叫做clowder，比方clowders of cats，還能用cludder或者clutter。男貓叫做tom哦，原來《貓和老鼠》裏頭那隻不是隨便叫的;可要是被閹割過的公貓就要叫做gib了。母貓叫做molly或者queen，女王誒!小貓咪大家都知道叫做kitten，在英國叫catling。

3. 古埃及人對於貓有着特別的敬畏，因爲女神Bastet巴蒂斯特往往以貓的姿態出現;而北歐愛與美的女神弗蕾亞Freyja所乘的戰車是兩隻貓拉動的。很多古老的宗教認爲貓擁有高貴的靈魂exalted souls;而很多文化認爲貓多命multiple lives。日本的招財貓招き貓まねきねこManeki Neko是財富的象徵。

4. 和貓有關的習語好些個都涉及發怒。

壞脾氣的人，能用a bag of cats表示，想來一袋子貓可不是很抓狂嘛?舉例：My boss was a bag of cats yesterday. 老闆昨天發飆了唉。

同時hellcat特指發怒的女人，而have kittens也表示易怒，因爲中世紀孕婦要是脾氣暴，會被認爲是中了巫術懷上貓崽撓肚子。

5. 貓狗詞組必定大戰。

fight like cats and dogs就表示吵得昏天黑地。

同樣live a cat and dog life就是三天一小吵五天一大吵;

cat-and-dog就是愛吵架的。

raining cats and dogs下貓下狗表示下大雨，因爲狗是風神奧丁的侍從，貓是大雨的象徵。

6. 貓貓身體上的各個部分也能表達有趣的含義：

cat-eyed貓眼表示晚上也看得見;

cat's foot或者cat's paw貓爪表示被人利用成爲傀儡;

cat o'nine tails是一種分好多頭兒的鞭子;

catlap貓貓舔則是很淡的茶或者牛奶;

catnap表示小睡一會兒;

cat's meow、cat's pajamas和cat's whiskers都是出類拔萃的意思!

7. 說到貓，當然也少不了老鼠……

A cat in gloves catches no mice. 戴手套的貓老鼠抓不到-意思是爲達到目的可不能太斯文客氣;

Keep no more cats that catch mice. 能抓老鼠的貓才養着-就是說別跟吃乾飯的人來往;

When the cat's away， the mice will play. 山中無老虎猴子稱大王。

8.各種各樣的貓代表着各種各樣的人：

alley cat衚衕裏的貓就是流浪貓，wildcat其實是野生的貓啦。

cool cat是時尚前衛的人，多指男性;

hep cat本來表示爵士樂迷，現在也有酷炫的意思;

copycat就是山寨假冒;

fat cat是權貴之人;

tomcat雄貓也有花花公子的意思;

glamour puss是光彩照人的女子。

9. 貓貓的各種行爲也成了諺語的一部分

fight like Kilkenny cats就是我們中文裏頭的兩敗俱傷，Kilkenny是愛爾蘭的小鎮，無聊的士兵會鬥貓，直到雙方自相殘殺，太殘酷了，會有報應的!

enough to make a cat laugh表示某事好笑得讓貓都笑了;

like a cat on hot bricks熱磚上的貓咪，有點像熱鍋上的螞蟻，表示很緊張神經質……

10. 地獄貓和好奇貓

As much chance as a wax cat in hell，意思是根本就沒有機會;

這句話還可以說成"not have a cat in hell's chance" ：

eg. They haven't a cat in hell's chance of getting over the mountain in weather like this。

在這種天氣裏，他們根本沒機會翻越這座山。

Curiosity killed the cat，好奇殺死貓，是一句再熟悉不過的諺語。它原意是要提醒人們謹慎小心。

11. 很多和貓相關的諺語都和名著有關

Grinning like a cheshire cat，“笑得像只柴郡貓” 意思就是說傻笑，這句話在《愛麗絲夢遊仙境》中得到了絕妙的體現——想想那隻柴郡貓，不是一直在笑嗎?

Dog my cats，一句輕微的咒罵，跟"damn it!"意思差不多，中文大可譯爲“喵了個咪”。歐亨利在《一隻黃狗的記憶》中提到過。

12. 不提到“貓”這個詞，同樣可以和貓有關

Rub someone's fur the wrong way，“反摸貓毛”，意思是激怒某人;

Make the fur fly，“讓毛飛起來”，意思是開始一場爭鬥;

I smell a rat，“聞到了老鼠的味道”，意思是覺察到什麼祕密。

託福閱讀背景之深海生物的生存

Once it seemed that the ocean floor was a desert of darkness. As everyone knew， sunlight was what made life possible by fueling photosynthesis， and sunlight can penetrate only the first few hundred yards of the ocean’s great depths. Lower， a few creatures might still eke out a living by scrounging the organic detritus that drifts down from the surface of the sea. But thousands of feet down， in the utter blackness at the ocean’s bottom， there could be practically nothing.

Then， in 1977， underwater explorers discovered that there was in fact something， and quite a lot of it. At mid-ocean ridges， where new ocean floor rises up as molten rock from Earth’s interior， where cold seawater mixes with the rising magma and， heated to 650 degrees， spews back up through chimney-shaped hydrothermal vents， researchers stumbled across bustling ecosystems. Clinging to the sides of the chimneys were thick white mats of bacteria; around them were eight-foot-long stalk-shaped worms， rocking in the water， while eyeless shrimp seethed around the chimneys like maggots. All were thriving on the energy bound up in the vents’ sulfur compounds. The seafloor might still be dark， but now it was known to be dotted with gardens.

In just the past eight years， however， underwater explorers have discovered that this picture is still incomplete： there is light at the bottom of the sea. Hydrothermal vents glow， and while the light is too faint to be perceived by the human eye， that hardly means it is without significance. Physicists maintain that although some of the light may be created by the intense heat， much of it must be attributed to some as-yet- unknown process. Biologists， meanwhile， say there is sufficient light at these vents for photosynthesis to take place. Researchers can’t say yet whether any creatures are actually living off this light， but if they are， they will represent the first known instance of natural photosynthesis without sunlight. The evolutionary implications may run deeper： it’s possible not only that this deep light is fueling photosynthesis now， but that， 3.8 billion years ago， it got the whole process started.

本篇關鍵詞：

Photosynthesis

thousands of feet down

ocean’s bottom

mid-ocean ridges

650 degrees

bustling ecosystems

bound up in

sulfur compounds

light at the bottom of the sea

photosynthesis without sunlight

中文相關知識：

無處不在的細菌：沒有陽光就不能進行光合作用，地面生物就無法生存了。但是在2000—3000米深的海底，沒有陽光的地方，各種生物又是以什麼爲食物來維持生命呢?科學家從海底採取的水樣中發現了奧妙。原來在水下2500到3000米的海底常有溫泉出現，這些溫泉噴涌出高達350攝氏度的水流。海底熱泉水從地下帶上來許多硫酸鹽，硫酸鹽在高溫高壓下變成了有臭雞蛋味的硫化氫，一些以硫化氫爲營養的細菌以極快的速度繁衍。細菌通過攝取溫泉裏豐富的化合物獲得能量，它們幫助溫泉水把周圍變成一片生機勃勃的海底綠洲。小動物就以細菌爲食，大動物又以小動物爲食，這樣就形成了新的食物鏈。