英語語法考點短語動詞
英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體，其用法有的相當於及物動詞，有的相當於不及物動詞，有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特徵。接下來，小編給大家準備了英語語法考點短語動詞,歡迎大家參考與借鑑。
英語短語動詞的構成主要有以下六種：
(1) 動詞+介詞
常見的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後。如：
Don't laugh at others.
I didn't care about it.
(2) 動詞+副詞
常見的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞後邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow. Please don't forget to hand it in.
(3) 動詞+副詞+介詞
常見的有look down upon1, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後邊。如：
All his money added2 up to no more than $100.
After a short rest, he went on with his research3 work.
(4) 動詞+名詞+介詞
常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後邊。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting4. We should make full use of our time.
(5) 動詞+形容詞
常見的有leave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在後邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：
The prisoners5 were set free.
He cut it open.
(6) 動詞+名詞
常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如：
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
(7)辨析
give away(讓給，暴露) 和 give up(放棄，停止)
put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (撲滅)
turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打開)
keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不讓靠近)
make up(編造，補上) 和 make out(辨認)
take off(脫，起飛) 和 take out(拿出)
II. 例題
例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
解析：該題正確答案爲A。意爲"存";keep up意爲"繼續";give away意爲"分發";lay up"貯藏"。
例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
A touch B relation C connection D friendship
解析：該題正確答案爲A. keep in touch爲短語動詞，意爲"保持聯繫"。
例3 ____! There's a train coming.
A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on
解析：該題選A. look out 意爲"小心"。
擴展：連詞
1、 連詞的種類
(1) 並列連詞用來連接並列關係的詞、短語或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either1…or, neither2…nor等。
(2) 從屬連詞用來引導從句，如that, if, whether4, when, after, as5 soon as等。
除了從屬連詞(引導狀語從句)外，還有其它可以用來引導從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導名詞性從句)，關係代詞和關係副詞(引導定語從句)。
2、 常用連詞舉例
(1) and 和，並且
They drank and sang6 all night.
(2) both…and 和， 既…也…
Both my parents and I went there.
(3) but 但是，而
I'm sad, but he is happy.
(4) either…or 或…或…， 要麼…要麼…
Either you're wrong, or I am.
(5) for因爲
I asked him to stay, for I had7 something to tell him.
(6) however8 然而，可是
Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later9, however, he decided10 to go.
(7) neither…nor3 既不…也不
Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees11 with you.
(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…
He not only sings well, but also dances well.
(9) or 或者，否則
Hurry up, or you'll be late.
Are you a worker or a doctor?
(10) so 因此，所以
It's getting late, so I must go.
(11) although12 雖然
Although it was13 late, they went on working.
(12) as soon as 一 …就
I'll tell him as soon as I see him.
(13) because 因爲
He didn't go to school, because he was ill.
(14) unless14 除非，如果不
I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.
(15) until15 直到…
He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬間動詞用於not… until 結構)
He stayed there until eleven.
(16) while16 當…時候，而 (表示對比)
While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while後不可用瞬間動詞)
My pen is red while his is blue.
(17) for 因爲
He was ill, for he didn't come. (結論是推斷出來的)
(18) since17自從…
I have lived here since my uncle left.
(19) hardly18… when 一… 就
I had hardly got19 to the station when the train left.
(20) as far as 就… 來說
As far as I know, that country is very small.
You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那裏)
II. 例題
例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
A as well B as well as C so well D so well as
解析：該題意爲：John踢足球如果不比David好的話，那也踢得和David一樣好。 和…一樣好爲as well as. 故該題正確答案爲B。
例2 She thought20 I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact21, I was talking about my daughter.
A when B where C which D while
解析：該處意爲"然而"，只有while有此意思，故選D。
例3 Would22 you like a cup of coffee ____ shall23 we get down to business24 right away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise25
解析：該處意爲"或者"，正確答案爲C。
