英語語法高中從句語法
高中的英語語法是比較基礎的，我們來講一講它的一些從句類的吧。下面是本站小編給大家整理的高中英語從句語法，供大家參閱!
1、關聯詞不能省略
2、從句用陳述語序
從句的名詞後接同位語
fact, idea, word，promise, saying，problem, news
常見引導詞
that, whether, where, how, etc.
The facts that he succeeded in the experiment pleased us.
An idea came to her that she might do that in another way.
Scientists have argued over the problem whether there is life on other planets.
高中英語從句語法：表語從句1、關聯詞不能省略
2、從句用陳述語序
常見引導詞
what, when, where, why, whether, how, that, because, which,
What surprised me most was that he spoke English so well.
The question is how what you’ve said can be put into practice.
The reason (why ) he didn’t come is that he was ill.
It (This , That) is because iron contains more carbon than steel.
高中英語從句語法：名詞從句概述
一.定義: 在句中的作用相當於一個名詞的從句叫做名詞性從句
二.分類: 名詞性從句包括四類, 分別是: 主語從句, 賓語從句, 表語從句, 同位語從句
三.引導詞: 名詞從句的引導詞包括連詞that / if / whether, 連接代詞who / whom / whose / what / which, 連接副詞when / where / how / why, 另外還有: whatever, whichever, whoever等
主語從句
一.定義: 在句中充當主語的從句就是主語從句
二.示例:
a. That he looked at me in that strange way puzzled me.
b. Whether we can control the floods is still uncertain.
c. What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.
d. When the broadcast station will be ready is unknown.
e. Who made the long distance call to him is not important.
f. Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.
三.應注意的問題:
1.以that引導主語從句時, 常用it作形式主語, 而把真正主語後移, 如在以下句型中就是如此: It is + adj / n + that...; It is said / reported / hoped that...
a. It is certain that fuels like coal and oil cause a lot of pollution.
b. It was said that only three people in the world could understand it at that time.
her引導主語從句時, 常置於句首 (此時whether不能用if代替), 也有後移的用法 (此時whether可以用if代替)
a. Whether they will come is not yet known.
b. It is not yet known whether they will go there.
3.連接代詞who, what, which和連接副詞when, where, how, why引導主語從句時, 一般不後移
a. What I told you last night was really true.
b. Which team will win the game is not yet known.
c. How they went to the USA is still a puzzle.
賓語從句
一.定義: 在句中充當賓語的從句就是賓語從句. 謂語動詞, 非謂語動詞, 介詞都可以帶有賓語從句
二.示例:
1.謂語動詞的賓語從句:
a. They knew that the habit may kill them.
b. She asked whether / if there were any chemist’s shops in this street.
c. The teacher told them who first invented the television set.
d. I want to know whose notebook is left on the table in the reading room.
e. Can you tell me where the Great Pyramid is ?
2.非謂語動詞的賓語從句:
a. Having known what he had done in school, his father was very angry.
3.介詞的賓語從句:
a. They talked half an hour about what happened in the school.
b. He is pleased with what we did yesterday.
c. Leifeng always thought of how he can do more for the people.
三.應注意的問題:
1.句中有賓語從句且有賓補時, 通常用it作形式賓語, 而把賓語從句移到賓補後
a. We think it wrong that he didn’t help Tom.
b. I feel it possible that you will finish the work in a day.
從句一般不作介詞的賓語, 但except等少數表示 “除外”的介詞除外
a. I know nothing about him except that he lives next door.
3.關於主句和賓語從句的時態呼應:
①.如果主句是過去時, 賓語從句應是 “過去”範疇的某時態
a. He said he would fly to Egypt next day.
b. He remembered that he had left her umbrella in the library.
②.如果賓語從句表示的是客觀真理或普遍現象, 可以保持 “現在”範疇時態, 而不與主句時態呼應
a. The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
③.如果主句是一般現在時或一般將來時, 賓語從句根據情況選用所需要的時態
4.關於賓語從句的 “否定轉移”: 主句的謂語動詞爲這些詞( think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose, guess等)時, 賓語從句的否定轉移到主句中去
a. I don’t think he will come.
b. I don’t think there are living things on the moon.
表語從句
一.定義: 在句中充當表語的從句就是表語從句
二.示例:
a. My idea is that we should help mother do house work every day.
b. The question is whether we can catch the early bus.
c. Nicotine! That’s what the smokers need.
d. Ten years of hard work! That’s why I now look so old.
同位語從句
一.定義: 在一個名詞或代詞(如: news, fact, idea, hope, promise, problem, possibility等)後面, 對其作進一步的解釋、說明的從句稱爲同位語從句
二.示例:
a. I don’t know the fact that the fireman was killed in the fire.
b. I have no idea when Jack will be back.
c. He can’t answer the question how he got the money.
d. There is no doubt that she is fit for the job.
e. The news that our team has won the game is very exciting.
f. I didn’t tell mother the fact that I met with an accident on my way home.
常見問題
一引導名詞從句與定語從句的區別:
1.引導名詞從句的that本身無詞義, 只起引導作用, 在從句中並不充當任何句子成分; 而引導定語從句的that是關係代詞, 有詞義(指代先行詞), 除了起引導作用之外, 還在從句中充當句子成分
2.引導賓語從句的that可省略, 引導其他名詞從句的that一般不能省略; 而引導定語從句的that如果在定語從句中充當賓語, 也可以省略
a. I know that smoking does harm to people’s health. (賓語從句)
b. The text tells me a fact that I have already known. (定語從句)
c. The news that he had passed the examination made her parents very happy.(同位語從句)
d. The news that he told me yesterday made me surprised.(定語從句)
二h引導名詞從句與定語從句的區別:
which引導名詞從句時, 其含義是 “哪一個, 哪一些”; which引導定語從句時, 指代先行詞, 其含義就是先行詞的意思
a. There are so many beautiful caps in the shop. I really don’t know which one I should choose.(賓語從句)
b. I will never forget the days which we spent in the countryside. (定語從句)
三 / what引導名詞從句的區別:
引導名詞從句時, that本身無詞義, 只起引導作用, 在從句中也不充當任何句子成分; what有詞義, what引導的名詞從句的含義是 “…的事 / 物 (任何抽象的或具體的物) ”, what在從句中也充當一個成分
a. They knew that the habit may kill them.
b. What he wanted to see (“他想看到的事”)was an end to all the armies of the world.
c. Nicotine! That’s what the smokers need.(“抽菸者所需要的東西”)
四.引導名詞從句時只用whether, 不用if的情況:
1.引導主語從句時:
a. Whether the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
2.引導表語從句時:
a. The problem is whether we need it.
3.引導介詞後的賓語從句時:
a. He was worried about whether he passed the exam.
4.與or not連用時:
a. It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.
5.置於不定式之前時:
a. I don’t know whether to go.
6.引導同位語從句時:
a. The problem whether we’ll build another school hasn’t been settled.
五.名詞從句的語序問題: 名詞從句中都要使用陳述語序, 參看前文例句
2.引導表語從句時:
a. The problem is whether we need it.
3.引導介詞後的賓語從句時:
a. He was worried about whether he passed the exam.
4.與or not連用時:
a. It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.
5.置於不定式之前時:
a. I don’t know whether to go.
6.引導同位語從句時:
a. The problem whether we’ll build another school hasn’t been settled
高中英語從句語法：狀語從句一.定義: 在句中作狀語的從句就叫做狀語從句
二.分類: 狀語從句包括以下八類
1.時間狀語從句: 由when, while, as, before, after, since, till / until, as soon as等引導
a. I shall tell him the good news when he comes.
2.原因狀語從句: 由because, as, since, for等引導
a. He didn’t hear me because he was listening to the radio.
b. Since you are free today, you had better show me how to use the computer.
3.地點狀語從句: 由where等引導
a. Please put the book where it was after you finish reading it.
4.條件狀語從句: 由if, unless等引導
a. I will come to see you if I have time on Sunday.
5.比較或方式狀語從句: 由than, as, as if, ...等引導
a. I know you do better than he does.
b. The old worker runs very fast as if he were a young man.
6.目的狀語從句: 由so that, in order that等引導
a. They set out early so that they could arrive at the station in good time.
7.結果狀語從句: 由so, so that, so / ...等引導
a. They set out early so that they arrived at the station in good time.
b. He finished his work so well that the boss praised him in public.
8.讓步狀語從句: 由though / although, even if, whatever, whoever, whenever, no matter what / who等引導
a. He is in very good health though he is old.
b. They didn’t stop working even if it began to rain hard.
三.應注意的問題:
1.時間和條件狀語從句中常用一般時代替將來時
a. I will go and see a film if I have time tomorrow.
b. I will tell the about it as soon as he comes back.
c. He said he would go out for a walk when he finished his work.
2.狀語從句中可有省略: 在一個含有狀語從句的複合句中, 如果主句和狀語從句的主語相同, 或狀語從句的主語是it, 並且狀語從句的謂語含有be動詞時, 可以將狀語從句的主語和be一起省略掉
a. As (she was ) a child, she began to learn English.
b. If ( he was ) alive, he must be at least ninety years old.
c. Although ( he was ) told to stop, he kept on working.
d. If ( it is) necessary, ring me up.
e. He didn’t say a single word until ( he was ) asked.
和than引導的比較狀語從句中, 從句中和主句中相同的部分往往省略, 從句中只剩下比較對象
a. He is a head taller than I ( am tall ).
than之後的人稱代詞是主格或賓格時, 有時意思不同, 如:
a. She likes the dog more than me.=She likes the dog more than she likes me.她喜歡狗比喜歡我更多
b. She likes the dog more than I.=She likes the dog more than I like the god. 她比我更喜歡狗
4.含有no sooner…than…和hardly / barely / scarcely …when…的句子相當於含有as soon as…引導的時間狀語的句子. no sooner或 hardly放在句首時, 主謂要部分倒裝
a. He had no sooner seen the policeman than he ran away. =No sooner had he seen the policeman than he ran away. =He ran away as soon as he saw the policemen.
b. He had hardly sat down when the telephone rang. =Hardly had he sat down when the telephone rang. =The telephone rang as soon as he sat down.
diately, directly, instantly等詞也可以作爲連詞引導時間狀語從句, 相當於as soon as引導的時間狀語
a. I went to see him immediately I heard from him. =I went to see him as soon as I heard from him.
moment, the minute, the second引導時間狀語從句, 相當於as soon as引導的時間狀語
a. He let out a cry the moment he saw the snake.=He let out a cry as soon as he saw the snake.
time, every time, any time, last time, next time, first time可以引導時間狀語從句
a. They shake hands with each other each time they meet.
e引導的時間狀語從句中, 若謂語動詞是延續性動詞或狀態動詞, 則其過去時表示動作的完成或狀態的結束
a. It is five years since he lived here. 他不住這裏己有五年了
a. They shake hands with each other each time they meet.
e引導的時間狀語從句中, 若謂語動詞是延續性動詞或狀態動詞, 則其過去時表示動作的完成或狀態的結束
a. It is five years since he lived here. 他不住這裏己有五年了
高中英語從句語法：定語從句關係代詞引導的定語從句
一.關係代詞的用法: 關係代詞指代先行詞
在定語從句中作主語
在定語從句中作動詞的賓語或者介詞的賓語, 介詞在後
指人
that / who
that / who / whom
指物
that / which
that / which
上表中黑框內的關係代詞可以省略; 在口語及非正式文體中whom常被who所替代; 另外, 關係代詞whose表示 “…(先行詞)的”
二.示例:
1.關係代詞在定語從句中作主語
a. Do you know the man that / who came to see Xiao Yang this morning ?
b. This is a book that / which tells about space rocket.
2.關係代詞在定語從句中作動詞的賓語
a. The comrade ( that / who / whom ) they came to visit is a scientist.
b. I will never forget the day ( that / which ) we spent in the countryside.
3.關係代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語, 介詞在後
a. This is the house ( that / which ) he was born in.
b. The person ( that / who / whom ) you should write to is Mr Ball.
c. The man ( that / who / whom ) you talked with is our English teacher.
e引導的定語從句
a. I know a lady whose husband is a Nobel Prize winner.
b. The child whose mother died in the fire is now an engineer in our company.
c. He is living in a house whose windows are painted white.
三.應注意的問題:
1.指物時, 關係代詞只用that而不用which的情況:
①.先行詞被最高級或the only, the very, the same等修飾時
a. This is the best play that was written by Jack.
b. He is the only person that I can trust.
②.先行詞被序數詞或the last等詞修飾時
a. This is the first car that arrived this morning.
③.先行詞爲all, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代詞時或被不定代詞all, any, no等修飾時
a. All the people that come from the country work much harder.
b. This is all that I can tell you.
④.人+動物或事物共同作爲先行詞時
a. My father and Mr Brown talked of things and persons that they remembered for about an hour.
⑤.句中又有which作爲疑問詞出現時
a. Which is the train that goes to Beijing ?
2.關係代詞who, which, that在定語從句中作主語時, 要注意定語從句中的主謂一致問題. 因爲who / that / which指代先行詞, 所以定語從句的謂語與先行詞保持一致即可
a. I came to get the book that was left in the classroom.
b. I came to get the books that were left in the classroom.
關係副詞引導的定語從句
一.關係副詞的用法: when在定語從句中作地點狀語; where在定語從句中作地點狀語; why在定語從句中作原因狀語
二.示例:
a. He was well at the time when I saw him.
b. Let’s meet at the place where we met yesterday.
c. This is the reason why I am in favor of the singer.
三.應注意的問題:
1.在某些表示時間的名詞後的關係副詞可省略, 這樣的名詞如: the time, every time, each time, the moment, the minute, the second等 (也有語法家認爲是這些名詞直接引導了時間狀語從句)
a. By the time ( when ) he was fourteen years old he had learned much English.
介詞+關係代詞引導的定語從句
一.說明: 關係代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時, 介詞可以位於關係代詞之前, 從而構成介詞+關係代詞引導的定語從句
二.這種定語從句中關係代詞的用法: 在這種定語從句中, 關係代詞只能用whom(指人)和which(指事物), 而不能使用that / who
三.示例:
a. This is the house in which he was born.
b. The person to whom you should write is Mr Ball.
c. The man with whom you talked is our English teacher.
d. The gentleman, with whose daughter I worked, looked down upon woman.
四.應注意的問題:
1.關係代詞前的介詞可以是單個介詞, 也可以是短語介詞或類似短語介詞的詞組
a. This is the house in which he was born.
b. At five o’clock we reached the house, in front of which there is a big tree.
c. At five o’clock we reached the mountain, at the foot of which lie some farmhouses.
2.根據表達的需要, 介詞之前還可以有其他詞, 從而構成“名詞或代詞+介詞+關係代詞”引導的定語從句
a. I used to live in a small room, the window of which faces the street.
b. At the gate stood a group of students, some of whom are girls.
3.介詞若爲短語動詞中的介詞, 則不可將介詞拆開放在關係代詞之前
a. This is the magazine which you are looking for.( for不能放在which之前)
b. The child whom Aunt Li takes care of is ill.( of不能放在whom之前)
4.關係副詞when / where / why常可與 “介詞+關係代詞”互換
a. Do you remember the days when we were in Beijing? ( =in which we were in Beijing )
b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?( =in which we once played for a whole day )
c. This is the reason why he was absent yesterday. (= for which he was absent )
限定性與非限定性定語從句
一.兩者的區別: 見下表
形式
作用
譯法
限定性定語從句
無逗號與主句分開
修飾限定作用, 即不可缺少的定語
其譯文常位於先行詞之前, 並體現“的”
非限定性定語從句
有逗號與主句分開
附加、補充說明的作用, 若缺少它, 句意仍然完整
常將其譯成一個和主句並列的分句
二.關係詞的用法: 非限定性定語從句不能用that引導, 並且關係詞在任何情況下都不能省略, 除此之外, 在關係詞的使用上, 非限定性定語從句與限定性定語從句完全相同
三.示例:
a. My book, which is very old, is on the table.
b. President Kennedy, who had heard of King before, was interested to meet him.
c. His father, who is working in Beijing, is an engineer.
d. The house, where he was born, has been destroyed in the earthquake.
e. Mr. Smith, with whom you just talked, is our English teacher.
f. The gentleman, with whose daughter I worked, looked down upon woman.
四.應注意的問題:
/ which都可以引導一個非限定性定語從句, as / which是關係代詞, 指代主句中所提到的某種情況, 它們的不同點是:
①引導的這種定語從句位置比較靈活, 可位於句首, 句中, 句尾; 但which引導的這種定語從句只能位於主句之後
②. as還帶有“正如, 正象”之意, 而which不含此意
a. The earth is like a ball, as everyone knows.
b. As everyone knows, the earth is like a ball.
c. They said they were French, which wasn’t true.
常見問題
一.定語從句還原法: 試題中有很多有關定語從句的, 這類題往往需選擇引導詞部分. 做好這類題的關鍵首先是要有這樣的觀念: 定語從句應有完整而合理的句子成分. 基於這一點, 我們可以用“還原法”來檢驗定語從句是否正確, 即把定語從句還原成爲一個簡單句. 具體做法是:
①.第一步: 替換. 將關係代詞直接替換成先行詞, 如果是關係副詞, 先替換成介詞+關係代詞, 再將關係代詞替換成先行詞
②.第二步: 調整, 即調整語序, 看能否構成一個合理的簡單句
例如, 還原以下例句a中的定語從句的過程是: 先將that / which替換成先行詞the park, 再調整語序, 就能得到一個合理的簡單句: We visited the park last year. 再如, 還原以下例句b中的定語從句的過程是: 先將where替換成in which, 再將which替換成先行詞the park, 再調整語序, 就得到一個合理的簡單句: We once played for a whole day in the park.
a. Do you remember the park that / which we visited last year?
b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?
c. Do you still remember the days that / which we spent together ?
d. Do you still remember the days when we were together?
二.分隔定語從句: 定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之後, 但有時也被分隔開來, 在閱讀時要注意根據定語從句所表達的意思來分辨先行詞是什麼
a. I was the only person in the office who was invited.
b. He was the only one of the students who passed the GRE.
①引導的這種定語從句位置比較靈活, 可位於句首, 句中, 句尾; 但which引導的這種定語從句只能位於主句之後
②. as還帶有“正如, 正象”之意, 而which不含此意
a. The earth is like a ball, as everyone knows.
b. As everyone knows, the earth is like a ball.
c. They said they were French, which wasn’t true.
常見問題
一.定語從句還原法: 試題中有很多有關定語從句的, 這類題往往需選擇引導詞部分. 做好這類題的關鍵首先是要有這樣的觀念: 定語從句應有完整而合理的句子成分. 基於這一點, 我們可以用“還原法”來檢驗定語從句是否正確, 即把定語從句還原成爲一個簡單句. 具體做法是:
①.第一步: 替換. 將關係代詞直接替換成先行詞, 如果是關係副詞, 先替換成介詞+關係代詞, 再將關係代詞替換成先行詞
②.第二步: 調整, 即調整語序, 看能否構成一個合理的簡單句
例如, 還原以下例句a中的定語從句的過程是: 先將that / which替換成先行詞the park, 再調整語序, 就能得到一個合理的簡單句: We visited the park last year. 再如, 還原以下例句b中的定語從句的過程是: 先將where替換成in which, 再將which替換成先行詞the park, 再調整語序, 就得到一個合理的簡單句: We once played for a whole day in the park.
a. Do you remember the park that / which we visited last year?
b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?
c. Do you still remember the days that / which we spent together ?
d. Do you still remember the days when we were together?
二.分隔定語從句: 定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之後, 但有時也被分隔開來, 在閱讀時要注意根據定語從句所表達的意思來分辨先行詞是什麼
a. I was the only person in the office who was invited.
b. He was the only one of the students who passed the GRE
