雅思閱讀填空題應該如何突破

在近幾年的雅思考試中，填空題一直都是雅思閱讀的主角。本篇雅思培訓中，滬江小編將和大家談談如何快速攻克雅思閱讀中的填空類題型，供大家學習參考。

顧名思義，填空題就是從原文中挑選一個單詞，一個短語或者一個數字填到題目的空格當中。填空題在雅思閱讀中的體現主要是以下幾種形式：1. 填空型summary; 2. 填空型sentence completion; 3. 簡答題short-answer questions。滬江老師將就以上三大種不同的類型，爲考生們講解考試中應對的策略。

　一、填空型摘要summary

何爲摘要題呢?考生們遇到的摘要通常是在essay剛開始的時候，出現的隻言片語，而這樣的隻言片語可以對你之後的文章進行一個有效的概括。所以，摘要部分不會很長，以小的段落爲主。

E.g.1C4T2P1

Questions 1-4

Complete the summary below. Choose No More Than Two Words from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.

There are currently approximately 6,800 language in the world. This great variety of languages came about largely as a result of geographical 1….. But in today’s world, factors such as government initiatives and 2…… are contributing to a huge decrease in the number of languages. One factor which may help to ensure that some endangered languages do not die out completely is people’s increasing appreciation of their 3…. This has been encouraged though programmes of languages classes for children and through ‘apprentice’ schemes, in which the endangered language is used as the medium of instruction to teach people a 4….. Some speakers of endangered languages have even produced writing systems in order to help secure the survival of their mother tongue.

E.g. 2C4T3P3

Questions 37-40

Complete the summary of paragraph G below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

A linguist can use a corpus to comment objectively on 37______. Some corpora include a wide range of language while others are used to focus on a 38_______. The length of time the process takes will affect the 39_______ of the corpus. No corpus can ever cover the whole language and so linguists often find themselves relying on the additional information that can be gained from the 40________of those who speak the language concerned.

看到以上兩個例子，不難發現，填空型summary就是根據原文內容，選填詞彙或者短語到段落當中。而考生們最糾結的問題無非是：此類題型如何進行快速定位?定位之後如何快速獲取正確答案?

1. 如何進行快速定位?

考生們在進行詳細定位時，可以對該段落的大致定位範圍作出預判，例如定位到原文中的位置大概是某個段落，還是整篇文章，這也就是我們經常說的“大定位”。一般來說，有這樣幾點可以幫助考生定位：summary的題目要求，summary是否分段，summary是否具有小標題，summary題目數量的多少，特殊名詞的標記，核心名詞。具體來說：

A. Summary題目要求中直接給出段落的題目自然是最好。如以上e.g.2, 直接告知考生定位到原文中的範圍--G段。類似的還有C4T4P2的24-27題，直接告知考生定位到原文中的最後兩段。遇到這種情況，暗自偷笑的同時，考生們應該靜下心來，準備劃取關鍵詞進行下一步的小定位了。

B. 可惜的是，絕大多數題目都是沒有直接告知你定位段落的，這個時候只能更進一步去看一些細節。第二點，建議考生關注的是summary是否存在分段?如果摘要部分分成多段進行，一般在原文中對應着原文中的多個段落，考生們在定位時注意該規律，如：C5T2P1的1-3題就是這樣一個例子。

C. 再者，除了以上兩條規律之外，考生們還可以關注一下，該summary段落是不是具有小標題。一般來說，如若summary含有小標題，則其topic與該passage不完全吻合，只是文章中的一小部分。所以，定位到原文中的位置，一般也就是某個或者某幾個段落了。

D. 如若上文提到的條件，summary均不符合，這個時候考生可以大致看一下題目數量：題目數量較多(≥4)，一般定位範圍是整篇文章，而如果題目數量較少，一般定位範圍也是文章中的某個段落。

E. 除此之外，考生們可以觀察該段落中是否含有特殊詞彙，如數字，大寫，斜體，引號之類的詞，幫助大致圈定定位範圍。

F. 基本上，根據以上五條規律已經能夠幫助大家快速定位了。如果真有那麼“變態”—難以定位的題目的話，考生們只能“老老實實”地劃取核心詞，去文章中尋讀(scanning)了。

2. 定位之後如何快速獲取答案?

一旦你在原文中找到所對應的句子的時候，你需要把題目中的帶有空格的句子與原文中的句子進行比較，尋找突破口。根據滬江的老師研究發現，我們在summary中所填單詞一般爲名詞或者名詞短語，所以你在原文中尋找的突破口一般來講都是名詞。而當你再次回顧到題目要求的時候，不難發現這樣的字眼：Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.也就是說，對於你到原文中尋找的答案又給了限定：如字數要求，如原文挑選(即不需考慮替換的問題)。一句話總結：所缺即所得，忽略動介詞。

3. 真題演練：

E.g. C4T3P3 Questions 37-40

Complete the summary of paragraph G below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

A linguist can use a corpus to comment objectively on 37______. Some corpora include a wide range of language while others are used to focus on a 38_______. The length of time the process takes will affect the 39_______ of the corpus. No corpus can ever cover the whole language and so linguists often find themselves relying on the additional information that can be gained from the 40________of those who speak the language concerned.

附上原文G段內容：

G. A representative sample of language, complied for the purpose of linguistic analysis, is known as a corpus. ①A corpus enables the linguist to make unbiased statements about frequency of usage, and it provides accessible data for the use of different researchers. Its range and size are variable. Some corpora attempt to cover the language as a whole, taking extracts from many kinds of text; ②others are extremely selective, providing a collection of material that deals only with a particular linguistic feature. The size of the corpus depends on practical factors, such as the time available to collect, process and store the data: it can take up to several hours to provide an accurate transcription of a few minutes of speech. Sometimes a small sample of data will be enough to decide a linguistic hypothesis; by contrast, corpora in major research projects can total millions of words. An important principle is that all corpora, whatever their size, are inevitably limited in their coverage, and always need to be supplemented by data derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language, though either introspection or experimentation.

解析：該題首先根據題目預判定位範圍--G段，然後劃取核心名詞回到原文進行定位。37題中很容易可以劃取關鍵詞linguist和corpus兩個名詞，回到原文中定位到G段①句，而把兩句話進行比較時，你會發現所填內容均爲動介詞短語，且兩個短語之間相互同義替換，原文中的make statement about和題目中的comment on都可以表示評價，評判的含義，而它們的修飾詞unbiased表示沒有偏見的，則與objective(客觀的)交相呼應。而接下來的38題則更爲容易，題目中出現的以some…others…相連接的句子，兩者之間形成對比，而定位到原文之後發現所對應內容爲句②，而根據空格是單數或者單數名詞(通過冠詞A來判斷)，名詞短語範圍縮小到：collection of material和particular linguistic feature, 再根據動介詞短語，focus on與deal only with的同義替換，確定答案爲後者。39題和40題道理類似，考生們可以先自行練習，等待滬江老師的下回分解。

二、其他填空類題型(如句子填空sentence completion, 簡答題short-answer questions)

有了以上summary的解題技巧，其他類型的填空題就很容易了。因爲所謂的句子填空(sentence completion)就是把summary中的句子單獨列出來出題。我們先前講的技巧，仍然適用，而題目與題目之間的順序原則也是適用的。所以，該類題目，考生們可以一起練習，總結做題經驗。

下面，滬江老師各舉幾個例子，帶考生們再次去分析一下，雅思考試中常出現的“填空題”。

e.g. sentence completion

C5T4P3

Complete the sentences.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Q34 Day length is a useful cue for breeding in areas where ______ arepredictable.

原文對應內容：Breedingin most organisms occurs during a part of the year only, and so a reliable cueis needed to trigger breeding behavior. Day length is an excellent cue, becauseit provides a perfectly pattern of change within the year. In the temperatezone in spring, temperatures fluctuate greatly from day to day, but day lengthincreases steadily by a predictable amount.

解析：所填空格內容充當的是從句中的主語，且謂語動詞爲are,因而所填的空格內容一定爲複數名詞或者名詞短語。劃取核心名詞爲關鍵詞，如day length, 如cue, 確定原文中對應的句子爲：Day length is an excellent cue, because it provides a perfectly pattern of change within the year.答案應該在該句附近。“不幸”的是，該句中不存在複數名詞。所以，這個時候考場中的你只能繼續往下讀，尋找答案。“幸運”的是，在下一句中，你就會遇見“柳暗花明又一村”：temperatures fluctuate greatly from day to day。複數名詞出現了，且其狀態爲fluctuate波動，與題目中的predictable相得益彰。

e.g. 簡答題short-answer questions

C4T1P2 Q22-23

Q22 Which of the senses is described here as being involved in mating?

解析：根據mating定位到第二段，“This contact may help to maintain order within a group, and stroking or touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species.” Courtship ritual即mating, 因此往前看到這段的主題是sense of touch, 因此答案爲sense of touch。

Q23 Which species swims upside down while eating?

解析：根據upside down while eating定位到第四段，“Eye position in freshwater dolphins, which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding, suggests that what vision they have is stereoscopic forward and upward.”而這句話中的species就是freshwater dolphins, 只用eating替換了feeding, 很容易找到答案。在這裏一定要記住雅思高頻詞彙species, 意思爲物種。

以上就是滬江小編爲大家分享的雅思閱讀填空題應該如何攻克，相信考生們讀完筆者的這篇文章之後，對於填空類題型的恐懼應該早已拋到九霄雲外了吧。當然，有了技巧之後，進行具體的真題演練就變得尤爲重要了。