雅思考試培訓：如何巧妙攻下閱讀長難句
長難句是大家學習英語的時候一個難點，同時也是非常重要的部分。如果大家學不好這部分內容，可能會影響你的考試。在雅思考試中，閱讀當中經常會出現長難句，我們該怎麼辦呢?下面就告訴大家如何巧妙攻下閱讀長難句。
1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
【參考譯文】美國的經濟是以基本的私有企業和市場導向經濟爲架構的，在這種經濟中，消費者很大程度上通過在市場上爲那些他們最想要的貨品和服務付費來決定什麼應該被製造出來。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
【參考譯文】因此，在美國的經濟體系中，個體消費者的需求與商人試圖最大化其利潤的慾望和個人想最大化其收入效用的慾望相結合，一起決定了什麼應該被製造，以及資源如何被用來製造它們。
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.
【參考譯文】另一方面，假如大量製造某種商品導致其本錢下降，那麼這就有可能增加賣方和製造商能提供的供應，而這也就會反過來降低價格並答應更多的消 費者購買產品。
4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
【參考譯文】在美國經濟中，私有財產的概念不僅包含對出產資源的所有權，也指其他一些特定的權利，如確定一個產品價格和與另一個私家個體(經濟單位) 自由簽定合同的權利。
5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.
【參考譯文】同時這些計算機記實下哪些時間是最忙的，哪些員工工作效率最高，這樣就能相應地做出職員人事鋪排。而且它們(計算機)也能爲促銷流動找到那些擁有優先權的顧客。
6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
【參考譯文】不計其數的其他貿易企業，從劇院到雜誌出版商，從公用燃氣電力舉措措施到牛奶處理廠，都通過計算機的使用給消費者帶來更好、更有效率的服務。
7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.
【參考譯文】殘疾兒童在很多樞紐方面都與其同齡人不同。爲了讓這些孩子發展其全部的成人後的潛能，他們的教育必需適應這些不同。
8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
【參考譯文】在過去的30年中，公共教育中顯示的對殘疾兒童的巨大關注表明了我們社會中的一種中強烈的情緒，那就是所有的公民，無論其情況有多特殊，都應享有充分發展其能力的機會。
9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.
【參考譯文】它(廣告)能夠直接匡助貨物以比較公道的價格被迅速分銷出去，因此可以(使公司)建立一個堅固的海內市場，同時也使以具有競爭力的價格提供出口變得可能。
10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.
【參考譯文】除去議會有27件法案來規範廣告的前提，沒有任何一個正式的廣告商敢於傾銷一種商品卻不能兌現其在廣告中的承諾。
11. If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.
【參考譯文】假如其信息只被侷限於告知逐一就廣告而言，假如這不是完全不可能達到的，也長短常難做的，由於即便是一個諸如襯衫的顏色的選擇這樣的細節都會具有微妙的說服意味，那麼廣告就會如斯地乏味以至於沒有人會關注它。
12. The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.
【參考譯文】得到了升遷的工人們，成績提高的學生，學會了一門新語言的外國人一 一這些都是那些有可衡量的結果宋顯示其努力的人們的例證。
13. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
【參考譯文】跟着家庭離開他們原來不亂的社區，離開他們多年的朋友和擴展的家庭關係，非正式的信息活動被堵截了，隨之而去的是對在需要時能獲得可靠和值得信賴的信息的決心信念。
14. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.
【參考譯文】現在每個人能夠得到的信息比任何時代的人都多，而找到與他/她的特定題目相關的那一點信息的任務不僅複雜、耗時，有時甚至令人難以招架。
15. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.
【參考譯文】通過遠程會議，專家知識可以在全世界範圍內被分享，而爭論的題目能夠得到解決，同時相關職員也不必離開他們的家庭或工作跑到一個遙遠的開會地點。
16. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.
【參考譯文】現在這種讓孩子們和其同學或時間競爭的熱情導致了一個雙層結構，在這個結構裏面善於競爭的A類似乎在某個方面要比他們B類的同輩更勝一籌。
17. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
【參考譯文】在跟你談話的時候，可能成爲你的僱主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、經 驗和其他資格是不是值得他僱用你，而你的"商品"和能力一定要以一種有條不紊而且通情達理的相互聯繫關係的方式被展示出來。
18. The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.
【參考譯文】英國廣播公司將作爲一個公共基金支持的廣播組織存在下來，至少目前 會這樣，但是它的角色、它的規模和它的節目現在在英國成了全國上下的討論話題。
19. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.
【參考譯文】這場辯論是由政府發動的，政府請任何一個對英國廣播公司有意見的人 一包括普通的聽衆和觀衆一來說說這個公司好在哪裏或壞在哪裏，甚至要說說他們是否以爲這個公司值得被留存下來。
20. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.
【參考譯文】這種變化通過引入很多的專業因素從而適應了這個新時代的技術要求， 並且它(這種變化)防止了效率的降低。這種效率的降低在精神抖擻的 創業者之後的第二代和第三代人(領導公司)的時候，常常會毀掉那些 家族公司的財富。
21. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.
【參考譯文】這樣巨大而非個人的對資金和工業的操作極大地增加了股東的數目和他 們作爲一個階級的重要性，這是國家餬口中代表不負責任的財富的一個因素，這種財富不但闊別了土地和土地擁有者的責任，而且幾乎同樣與 公司的負責任的治理毫無關係。
22. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders" meeting to dictate their orders to the management.
【參考譯文】像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本這樣的城鎮的涌現是爲了給那些數目良多的"舒 適"階級提供棲身場所。這些人依靠於其豐厚收入而不工作，他們除了 分紅和偶然參加一下股東大會，向治理層口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社會的其他階層毫無瓜葛。
23. The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.
【參考譯文】這樣的"股東"對他擁有股份的公司所僱用的工人們的餬口、思惟和需 責備無所聞，而且他們對勞資雙方的關係都不會產生積極的影響。
24. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.
【參考譯文】代表公司的花錢僱來的經理與工人及其需求的關係更加直接，但是就連 他對工人們也沒有那種熟識的私家之間的瞭解。而在現在正在消失的古 老家族公司的那種更加家長式的軌制下的僱主們卻經常對他們的工人有這樣的私家關係。
