雅思閱讀背景知識之翻譯內容

在雅思閱讀背景知識中，有些時候會了解到翻譯的內容。可能有些人不以爲然，一個動嘴一個動筆這就是翻譯。其實在語言學界，這二者背後是有很多詳細的規定和區別的。如果你也想了解它們其中的區別不妨一起往下看看吧。

Interpretation and Interpreter

口譯和口譯員

A. Although the terms interpretation and translation are often used interchangeably, by strict definition, interpretation refers to the spoken language, and translation to the written language.

雖然口譯和翻譯這兩個術語經常可以互換使用，但嚴格地說，口譯是指口語，翻譯是指書面語言。

B. A competent translator should be very acquainted with the following points: A detailed knowledge of the subject matter is equally as important as academic knowledge of the language pairs, in certain cases (technical manuals for example) it plays a greater role. An ability to write well is also important. Proofreading and editing is a good way to break into the industry and the skills gained will help you later on; Although a degree may not be absolutely necessary, a qualification in translation is important; Practice the language! Take a language course or work towards a degree or whatever you feel is appropriate. Read newspapers in that language and keep abreast of the culture, listen to music and news from that country ff able to. Travel to the country as often as you are able to; No course of study will ever be 100% perfect. Only you can judge whether it is the right one to meet your needs; Those basic qualifications will help one get started but after that it is one's experience on the job and performance as a translator that counts; There are more opportunities for freelance translators than In-House; Attend local translation events and seminars. It will not only help one learn more about different subjects, it will also help one make contacts in the translation and interpreting field.

一個稱職的翻譯應該非常熟悉以下幾點:一個主題的詳細知識是同等重要的學術知識的語言對，在某些情況下(如技術手冊)它發揮了更大的作用。良好的寫作能力也很重要。校對和編輯是進入這個行業的一個好方法，所獲得的技能將幫助你以後;雖然學位並非絕對必要，但翻譯資格是重要的;練習語言!參加一門語言課程，或者努力獲得一個學位，或者做任何你認爲合適的事情。讀那種語言的報紙，瞭解那種文化，聽來自那個國家的音樂和新聞。儘可能多地去鄉下旅行;沒有一門課程是百分百完美的。只有你才能判斷它是否適合你;這些基本素質將有助於一個人的起步，但在此之後，重要的是一個人的工作經驗和作爲一名翻譯的表現;自由譯者的機會比在公司內部要多;參加當地的翻譯活動和研討會。它不僅可以幫助人們更多地瞭解不同的主題，還可以幫助人們在翻譯和口譯領域建立聯繫。

C. interpretation is generally categorized into consecutive interpretation and simultaneous interpretation. The former refers to the circumstance where the interpreter waits until a complete statement has been spoken and then begins interpreting (so only one person is speaking at a time). It is used primarily to interpret witness testimony, a situation in which everyone in the courtroom needs to hear the interpretation. Simultaneous interpretation is generally considered inappropriate for witness testimony -- unless the courtroom is equipped with wireless equipment for that purpose -- because hearing two voices at once is too distracting.

口譯一般分爲交替傳譯和同聲傳譯。前者指的是口譯員等到完整的陳述陳述完畢後纔開始口譯的情況(一次只有一個人在發言)。它主要用於解釋證人的證詞，在這種情況下，法庭上的每個人都需要聽解釋。同聲傳譯通常被認爲不適合於證人作證——除非法庭爲此配備了無線設備——因爲同時聽到兩個聲音太讓人分心。

D. A court interpreter is anyone who interprets in a civil or criminal court proceeding ( e.g., arraignment, motion, pretrial conference, preliminary hearing, deposition, trial) for a witness or defendant who speaks or understands little or no English.

法庭口譯員是在民事或刑事法庭程序(如提審、動議、審前會議、預審、作證、審判)中爲英語說得或聽不懂英語的證人或被告進行口譯的人。

E. Court interpreters must accurately interpret for individuals with a high level of education and an expansive vocabulary, as well as persons with very limited language skills without changing the language register of the speaker. For the other languages, the following self-study techniques are suggested: (1) expand your vocabulary, (2) develop your own glossaries, and (3) develop interpreting techniques, namely, consecutive interpretation, simultaneous interpretation, and sight translation.

法庭口譯員必須在不改變講話者語言記錄的情況下，準確地爲受教育程度高、詞彙量大的人以及語言技能非常有限的人口譯。對於其他語言，建議採用下列自學技巧:

(1)擴大詞彙量;

(2)發展自己的詞彙量;

(3)發展口譯技巧，即:交替傳譯、同聲傳譯和現場翻譯。

大家看明白了嗎?以上就是雅思閱讀背景知識之筆譯和口譯的全部內容，我們可以看出兩者的區別和他們各自的細分領域。雅思閱讀中像口譯和筆譯這樣的近義詞的考察，若是事先掌握了背景知識，就會有助於我們對文章的理解。