4個步驟教你精讀雅思閱讀文章

精讀文章是突破雅思閱讀高分的必經途徑。但是我們要明確，雅思閱讀的精讀一定是在做完題目之後進行的。目的爲了查找漏洞單詞，理解長難句和掌握文章結構。而不是把精讀作爲做閱讀得一種方法，因爲精讀會耗費很長時間，需要逐句分析，考場上是不可能這樣做的，根本來不及，因此一旦養成了先精讀再做題的壞習慣，後果很嚴重。那下面就說說簡答容易上手的精讀方法

4個步驟教你精讀雅思閱讀文章

1.摘抄單詞：準備一本筆記本，把文章裏不能迅速反應中文意思的單詞全部記下來(當然不包括專有名詞)尤其注意裏面的詞組搭配，然後挨個去查字典。這個過程非常費時，非常痛苦，但是千萬不要偷懶，第一眼不能想到意思的單詞也要記下來，這說明掌握的還不牢固;另外一定要改掉每個單詞只記一個意思的壞習慣，因爲一詞多義也是雅思閱讀得一個考察重點。比如produce,同學們知道它有動詞，生產的意思，但是在……produce is expensive.這道題中，produce卻是名詞農產品的意思。

2. 摘抄替換：認真分析每道題目在文章裏的對應句，可能是一句話也能是多句，把題目中的考點和原文中的同意替換都整理出來，列出一個表格。這類同意替換也是所有單詞中的重中之重，一定要整理下來重點記憶。

3.逐句理解，劃分成分：把每句話的句子結構搞清楚，簡單句找出主幹，複雜句找出主從關係。先理解主幹結構，再理解修飾部分。如果這一部分不會做，就要加強相關的語法知識的學習。

舉個例子：

There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.

分析有插入語(however)的長難句時，我們首先把插入語去掉或提前。然後我們可以看出句子真正的主幹部分，是在no doubt後連接的從句中，而這個從句中有一個同學們在讀文章時不易識別的結構：強調句(it is … that), 看出這個，那麼這句話的主幹就不難找出了，是the increasing number of applicants has led to the importance of the curriculum vitae, 即不斷增加的申請人數使簡歷變得重要。看完主幹後，緊接着看剩下的短語，我們看到applicants後面緊跟着with university education, 限定了applicants的條件，即具有大學學歷的申請者，再加上一個狀語的限制in the process of engaging staff, 即在員工錄入的過程中，通過這樣一系列的步驟後，整句話的意思就很清晰了。

4理清文章整體結構，找出每個段落主題和細節：這一步是從微觀細節上升到宏觀結構，大多數同學就是太關注細節，而缺少這種整體把控的能力和意識。段落結構和文章結構的有效理解對對於解heading題和段落信息匹配題尤爲重要。

· 對於文章結構，我們要知道它是按時間順序，還是提出問題和解決方案，還是呈現不同人的觀點等等;

· 對於段落內部，如果有主題句，理解主題句;如果沒有，嘗試體會重點要表達的意思。這對於標題和信息匹配題目非常重要。

當我們能把結構理清，主題細節分辨好之後，我們真正需要閱讀的內容就會大大縮短，對於我們閱讀速度的提高也是很有幫助的。

以上就是精讀的基本方法，重點針對“讀“這一個方面。如果有細心的同學對比過雅思閱讀和寫作的素材，不難發現，雅思閱讀得文章也是很好的大作文的素材，比如lost of words(劍4)這篇文章就是大作文里語言保護話題得優秀素材。所以同學們除了讀以外，還可以根據大作文的題目進行摘抄的素材整理。

最後，精度要堅持，要精不要量，兩本書就夠了，雖然一開始總結單詞很麻煩，但是理論上說，如果每一篇單詞都掌握，那麼下一篇中的陌生單詞就會越來越少，因爲你認識的詞已經越來越多了。所以精讀的速度也會越來越快，你考試看文章的速度也會越來越快。

雅思閱讀材料大集合：英國超辣漢堡致5人住院

Diners are being asked to sign a waiver before eating a fiery chilli burger - after it put five people in hospital.

英國一餐廳推出的熱辣漢堡已導致5人住院，現在再想吃這款“變態辣”漢堡要先簽署免責聲明。

The _X Hot Chilli Burger - dubbed the hottest dish in Britain - is served to over 18s only at Burger Off in Sussex.

這款被稱爲英國最辣的熱辣漢堡，是蘇塞克斯郡漢堡店Burger Off 的料理，僅賣給18歲以上的成年人。

It is topped with chilli sauce worth a staggering 9.2million on the Scoville scale - a measure of the 'hotness' of foods. In contrast, the average chilli pepper comes in at just 500 Scoville Heat Units.

熱辣漢堡塗有“史高維爾辣度指標”920萬的辣椒醬。“史高維爾辣度指標”是測量食物辣度的指標，普通辣椒指數僅500。

One diner was taken to hospital with a suspected perforated bowel after eating the spicy dish, while four others were admitted for treatment on the same night for suspected anaphylactic shock.

一位顧客在吃了這款熱辣漢堡後疑似因腸穿孔被送往醫院救治，當晚還有4位顧客疑似過敏休克入院。

Now, restaurant owner Nick Gambardella is asking customers to sign a legal disclaimer that prevents them from suing him if they fall victim to the red-hot burger.

漢堡店老闆尼克·甘巴德拉爲避免顧客用餐後出現不良反應起訴自己，要求顧客只有在簽署了法律免責聲明後方可嘗試此熱辣漢堡。

The document reads: 'I the undersigned accept all responsibility for any effects incured due to the consumtion of the above mentioned _X Hot Chilli Burger and release Burger Off, its owner and staff from any liability.'

聲明中寫道：“我簽署同意，在Burger Off食用熱辣漢堡所帶來的一切後果責任由我個人承擔，餐廳和餐廳老闆、服務員免責。”

Mr Gambardella, 55, said he was 'amazed' that he was allowed to sell such a spicy burger - adding: 'It has been a massive hit with the customers'.

55歲的甘巴德拉說自己也很吃驚，居然得到了銷售此款熱辣漢堡的許可證，他補充道：“這在顧客中反響很大”。

'I have to admit I’ve not dared to try one of these burgers myself as they are so spicy,' he said. 'One guy came in and he was just a little bit cocky and when he left he was admitted to hospital because prior to eating the burger he had a stomach ulcerand we believe it perforated his bowel. He wasn’t in a good way but he pulled through.

“不得不承認，連我自己都不敢嘗試這款熱辣漢堡，因爲它真的太辣了。”他說，“有位客人進店的時候還自以爲是，但是離開的時候就直接入院了。在吃熱辣漢堡之前這傢伙就有胃潰瘍，我們覺得在吃了漢堡之後他可能腸穿孔了。他還沒有完全康復，但目前已經度過了危險期。”

The burger, which is on sale for only ￡3.90, features sauce based on a Piri Piri chilli concentrate, created through steaming and later infused with carbon dioxide.

這款熱辣漢堡售價僅3.9英鎊(約合人民幣39元)，其特色在於添加其中的皮爾皮爾辣椒醬，這種辣椒醬的製作方法是先氣蒸後注入二氧化碳。

So far, only 59 out of 3,000 challengers have succeeded in eating the entire dish. Many of the burger's conquerors have taken to Twitter and The Burger Off Facebook page to spread the word of their victory.

截至目前，3000名挑戰者僅有59位成功吃完整個漢堡。許多挑戰成功者在推特和Burger Off餐廳的臉書頁面上炫耀自己的勝利。

Mr Gambardella said the burger had caused customers to adopt a number of undignified coping mechanisms, including stripping naked, begging for mercy, punching windows and vomiting.

甘巴德拉說，顧客在吃熱辣漢堡時言行舉止十分不雅，有的大脫衣服、有的跪地求饒、還有的捶窗嘔吐。

It has also left many diners suffering from anaphylactic shock - a severe allergic reaction that can cause swelling, rashes and difficulty breathing.

大量顧客吃了熱辣漢堡後過敏性休克，這種嚴重的過敏反應會導致腫脹、發疹和呼吸困難。

'The burgers are cooked properly - it’s the sauce that is maybe too hot to handle,' said Mr Gambardella.

甘巴德拉說：“其實漢堡烹飪是合理的。熱辣漢堡這麼辣，都是辣醬惹的禍。”

雅思閱讀材料大集合：電影院裏的騙局

In 2013, China achieved a record-breaking high for its film industry's box-office revenues, which officially register at 21.769 billion yuan ($3.59 billion). But according to Wang Changtian, CEO of Enlight, that was at least 5 billion yuan short of the real number. Other experts put the gap at 2.4 billion, explaining the reported box-office figure at 10 percent less than the real one. That gap is someone's windfall, illegally pocketed by cinema owners and operators, professionally known as film exhibitors. And the regulating agency is getting tough on this kind of theft.

Wang Changtian has reasons to be angry. Over the Lunar New Year season that has recently wound down, he received on his microblog numerous audience reports, complete with photos, of tickets to Dad, Where Are We Going?, a runaway hit his company distributes. The tickets had no movie title printed on them or the prices printed were lower than what was actually paid by the moviegoers - all signs that the movie's revenues were not correctly registered.

The earliest manifestation of the shady practice of "box-office stealing" loomed a few years ago when individual moviegoers posted suspicious tickets online. Tickets of this type usually had movie title "A" computer-printed on it, but the printed title was scratched out by hand and title "B" written in. Fingers were pointed at the producer or distributor of title A, but more likely it was the movie theater that was behind it. The reason could be simple: Film A gives the exhibitor a larger share of the revenue than film B.

However, this is just the tip of the iceberg. Industry insiders reveal it was much worse before computer systems were installed in the nation's cinemas, and of course, before social media websites turned everyone into a potential reporter of such business deceit. As a matter of fact, some cinema investors were not even aware that they had to split their revenue with other parties. "This phenomenon started from the age of planned economy," says Mao Yu, deputy director of the Film Bureau, a branch of the regulating agency.

But it may have turned from guerrilla tactics to larger-scale con games. For group purchases, violators would not even issue tickets, essentially not reporting a single cent of revenue from a whole screening. Since a representative of the group usually deals with the cinema, unless he or she specifically demands a printed ticket for each member of the group, all of them would be in the dark about income reporting from the cinema to the distributor.

Another trick lies in membership dues, which are often collected up front. When a paid member reimburses for a ticket, it may have only the screening room on it, and the exhibitors can choose to credit it to any movie they like, or not to any movie, in which case they pocket 100 percent of the revenue.

Some cinemas would go as far as investing in a separate point-of-sale computer system so that each ticket buyer gets the right ticket, but none of the data shows up on the centralized system. Instead, another set of credible purchase data would be put in the correct system, but with lower attendance.

Both distributors and exhibitors that I spoke to agree that cheating is much less rampant than before, say a dozen years ago, and now is mostly limited to third and fourth-tier cities. China Film Group, the nation's largest film production and distribution company, heads a consortium with several major private companies that hires 1,000 people to monitor cinemas nationwide, and Huaxia, another State-owned company, has a smaller army of 800.

However, there are situations even these sharp-eyed monitors can do little about. For example, if a cinema sells a ticket for 80 yuan, which is normal for primetime, but gives away a free popcorn, it may attribute as much as 60 yuan of the ticket price to the popcorn, leaving only 20 as the ticket price. But it can argue that 20 yuan is the minimum price for this particular film agreed upon by both sides and therefore it does not violate any rule.

A similar scheme was employed when Transformers 3 was bundled with Yang Shanzhou, a very small film with little box-office potential, making the latter into a strange film with eye-popping revenue (79 million yuan) but disproportionately fewer people who actually bothered to see it. There were sporadic online complaints about the practice even though consumers did not pay more for the package deal.

The State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, the regulating agency, announced measures in late January to curb under-reporting and cheating on box-office revenues. A special fund is set up to subsidize the upgrading of computer software at point of sale. The current system was installed in 2005 and "cannot keep up with the new situation", in the words of Jiang Tao, director of the fund. "The new system will fix loopholes and shorten the reporting window to only 10 minutes after a sale is made instead of waiting till next noon, which is the current reporting lapse in time, which leaves room for manipulation. The national platform will be ready by May and the cinema side will complete their upgrading by October."

Apart from putting a stamp of authorization on all sales systems, SAPPRFT insists that all film tickets carry correct prices and movie admission. But conspicuously absent are concrete penalties for violations. The software upgrade will certainly be a great help, admit distributors and exhibitors, but it may not be enough.

"The cost of violation is still too low. If you're caught under-reporting 10 tickets, all you need to do is make up for the shortfall," says Huang Ziyan, vice-president of Le Vision Pictures in charge of sales.

Cao Yong, a manager with the Huaxing UME cinema chain, suggests that violators should have their business license revoked. "Cinemas invest tens of millions of yuan and, with punishment of this severity, it would not make sense for them to steal 80,000 or 100,000 yuan from the box office."

Other ideas have been floated such as the use of an infra-red camera that automatically scans a movie theater for attendance. The technology has been available for eight or nine years and it claims to have 95 percent accuracy. But it has never been put into use.

Filmmakers are reluctant to stand firm when they become victims because they do not want to offend the exhibition branch of the business chain - the branch that deals directly with end users. Some say they are no longer sad at the irregularity, but have come to the stage of despair.

This time it's for real, and "we'll cleanse the industry of this illegal and irregular behavior", says Zhang Hongsen, director of SAPPRFT's Film Bureau.

2013年，中國電影行業票房收入創下歷史新高，據官方統計，收入達217.69億元人民幣(35.9億美元)。據光線傳媒總裁王長田透露，這一數字比實際數字少了至少50億元。還有專家認爲二者之間相差24億元，票房上報數字與實際數字之間相差至少10%。其中的差額，進了一些人的腰包，成爲了放映方，即影院所有人和經營者的非法收入。監管機構開始對此類事件進行嚴肅管理。

王長田的氣憤是有理由的。在剛剛結束的春節檔期，他的微博上收到許多觀衆留言，並附上電影《爸爸去哪兒》的電影票照片。這部電影是光線傳媒公司發行的熱門影片。有的電影票上沒有電影的名字，而一些電影票上標出的價格要低於觀衆實際購票的價格。這些都說明上報的電影收入並不真實。

幾年以前，就有觀衆將可疑的電影票上傳到網上，那時候就出現了“偷票房”的惡劣行爲。電腦打出的電影票上往往標記爲A電影，但後來被塗改成B。有人指責A電影出品人和發行人，而幕後的操作者更有可能是影院方面的人員。原因很簡單。相比B電影而言，放映方從A影片中得到的收入更多。

但這只是冰山一角。業內人士透露，在中國電影院尚未安裝電腦系統，社交網站還沒有讓所有人都成爲此類商業騙行的潛在報道者之前，這類事件要更加嚴重。事實上，部分電影投資者甚至根本不知道，其他人在分享他們的收入。電影監管機構、國家新聞出版廣電總局電影局副局長毛羽說，"計劃經濟時代就出現了這種現象"。

但是，這已經從零散的現象，變成了規模巨大的騙局。違反規定的人甚至不會給團購觀衆發放電影票，在整場放映中基本不上報一分錢的收入。只有團購代表會與電影院直接打交道，所以如果他沒有提出特殊要求，爲每一位成員打印電影票，在電影院上報給發行方的收入報告中，是不會顯示團購情況的。

在會費方面也會耍手腕，因爲會費是提前收取的。會員的電影票上只顯示在幾號放映廳，放映方可以將電影票任意對應到別的影片上，或者根本不記錄會員看過電影，這樣他們就可以私吞所有的收入。

一些影院投資了單獨的零售電腦系統，可以讓購票者買到正確的電影票，同時不會讓中央系統中顯示任何數據。而另外一組可信的購買數據會被輸入正確的系統中，但顯示的上座率較低。

我瞭解到的發行商和放映方都認爲如今的欺騙行爲較從前，就是十幾年前，收斂了很多;現在只有三、四線城市會出現這樣的行爲。中國的電影製作和發行公司中國電影集團同數家大型私人公司共同組建並領導了一個協會，僱傭1000人監督全國的影院。另一家國有電影公司華夏電影公司也擁有一支八百人的隊伍。

但是，即使是這些精明的監督者也有力所不及的情況。例如，影院出售一張80元的電影票(熱映電影的正常票價)，同時贈送免費的爆米花。這時候，爆米花可能佔去票價中的60元，而電影票只能佔票價中的20元。電影院聲稱，雙方商議的影片價格就是20元，因此影院沒有違反任何規定。

《變形金剛3》同票房潛力很小的小製作電影《楊善洲》捆綁，讓後者取得了令人震驚的票房收入(7900萬元)，但是這一數字同極少量的觀影人數並不相符。這是一種類似的手段。雖然消費者不會爲這樣的捆綁交易多付錢，但網上還是有一些對這類行爲的投訴。

作爲監管機構，國家新聞出版廣電總局一月底公佈了治理虛報、謊報票房收入的辦法。成立專門基金，補貼銷售點電腦軟件的升級。國家電影專資辦主任姜濤表示，安裝於2005年的現行系統“跟不上新情況”。

“新系統會修補漏洞，銷售結束十分鐘以後即結束上報窗口，而不再等到第二天中午”，延緩上報時間，會爲弄虛作假留下空間。五月即將建成平臺，影院方面將於十月完成升級。

除了對所有銷售系統進行管理，國家新聞出版廣電總局堅持要求所有電影票顯示正確的價格和入場費。但沒有對違反規定的具體處罰措施。發行方和放映方承認，軟件更新一定會提供很大幫助，但幫助可能不夠。

“違反規定的代價還是太低了。如果被發現虛報了10次票價，只需要補上缺口即可，”樂視影業市場副總裁黃紫燕說。

華星UME影城的經理曹勇建議吊銷違反規定的單位的營業執照。“電影院的投資上千萬，這樣嚴厲的懲罰，會讓他們覺得爲了8萬、10萬的票房受這樣的懲罰划不來。”

還有人想到其他辦法，如運用可以自動掃描影院放映廳上座率的紅外攝像機。未來8到9年，將可以利用這項技術，據稱這項技術的準確率爲95%。但現在這項技術尚未得到使用。

電影製作方在受到損失時，不願意太過嚴厲，因爲他們不想得罪放映方，原因在於在商業鏈上放映方所處的環節直接接觸終端用戶。一些人說不再爲這樣的不規矩行爲感到難過，而是開始失望。

這一次真的要採取行動，“我們要肅清行業中的這類非法，違規行爲”，國家新聞出版廣電總局電影局局長張宏森說。