現在完成進行時和現在完成時的比較
The present PErfect continuous form is often confused with the present perfect. Indeed, there are many instances in which the present perfect continuous can be used as well as the present perfect. For example:
現在完成進行時和現在完成時經常容易被混淆。事實上，這兩者在很多種情況下都可以互換使用。
I've worked here for twenty years. OR I've been working here for twenty years.
我已經工作了20年了。
I've played tennis for twelve years. OR I've been playing tennis for twelve years.
我打網球已經12年了。
The main emphasis in the present perfect continuous is on expressing how long the current activity has been happening.
現在完成進行時主要是強調，現在進行的某個活動一直都在持續着。
It's best to stress that the present perfect continuous form is used for shorter periods of time to express how long that particular action has been taking place.
我們有必要強調一下，現在完成進行時指的是短時間內，用來表示特定的動作發生的時長。
I've been writing for thirty minutes.
我已經寫了30分鐘了。
She's been studying since two o'clock.
她從兩點開始就在學習了。
In this manner, you'll help students understand that the present perfect continuous is used to express the length of a current action. Compare this to cumulative length for which we tend to use the present perfect, although the present perfect continuous can be used.
通過這種方式，你可以幫助學生們瞭解到，現在完成進行時是用來表示現在發生的動作持續了多久。要是表示累計的時長，我們一般使用現在完成時態，雖然現在完成進行時也同樣適用。
INTRODUCING THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
現在完成進行時的介紹
Start by Speaking about the Length of Current Actions
現在發生的動作的持續時間
Introduce the present perfect continuous by asking students how long they've been studying in the current class on that day. Extend this to other activities. It's a good idea to use a magazine with photos and ask questions about how long the person in the photo has been doing a particular activity.
要介紹現在完成進行時，我們可以問問學生他們當天在班上學習了多長時間。然後延伸到其他的活動。用含圖片的雜誌，並詢問圖片中的人進行一個特定的活動多久是一個不錯的主意。
Length of Current Activity
現行活動的時長
Here's an interesting photo. What's the person doing? How long has the person been doing XYZ?What about this one? He looks like he's getting ready for a party. I wonder if you can tell me how long he's been getting ready for the party.
這兒有一張有趣的圖片。圖片裏的人在做什麼？這個人做某件事持續了多久？這個呢？他看起來像是要準備參加一場聚會。我想知道，你能不能告訴我他爲這個聚會準備了多久？
Result of Activity
活動結果
Another important use of the present perfect continuous is to explain what has been happening that has caused a present result.
現在完成進行時的另一個重要的用法就是，解釋導致現在結果的原因。Stating results and asking questions are effective in teaching this use of the form.
陳述結果，並提出問題，這種現在完成進行時的教學方法十分有效。
His hands are dirty! What has he been doing?
他的手真髒啊！他一直都在幹嘛？
You're all wet! What have you been doing?
你渾身都溼透了！你一直都在做什麼？
He's tired. Has he been studying for a long time?
他累了。他學習了很長時間嗎？
PRACTICING THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
現在完成進行時的練習
Use a timeline to illustrate the two principal uses of the present perfect continuous. With such a long string of helping verbs, the present perfect continuous can be a bit confusing. Make sure that students understand the construction by providing a structural chart like the one below:
用一個時間軸來解釋現在完成進行時的兩種主要用法。通過一系列的助動詞，現在完成進行時可能會讓你有點眼花繚亂。你可以通過繪製和以下內容類似的圖表來幫助學生們理解整個結構。
Subject + have + been + verb(ing) + objects
主語+have+been+動詞ing+賓語
He has been working for three hours.
他已經工作了三小時了。
We haven't been studying for long.
我們學習的時間並不長。
Repeat for the negative and interrogative forms as well. Make sure students understand that the verb 'have' is conjugated. Point out that questions are formed with "How long ..." for the length of an activity, and "What have you ..." for explanations of current results.
否定形式和疑問形式也是如此重複。確保學生們能瞭解，動詞have的詞形變化。指出由How long提出的詢問活動時長的問題，以及由What have you…提出的對現行結果的解釋。
How long have you been sitting there?
你在這裏坐了多久了？
What have you been eating?
你一直都在吃什麼？
Comprehension Activities
理解活動
It's a good idea to compare and contrast both the present perfect and present perfect continuous when first teaching this tense.
在第一次教授這種時態時，將現在完成時和現在完成進行時進行比較是一個不錯的方法。
At this point in their studies, students should be able to handle working with two related tenses. Use lessons that focus on the differences to help them distinguish usage. Quizzes testing present perfect or perfect continuous use also help students become familiar with the two tenses. Present perfect and continuous dialogues can also help with practicing the differences. Also, make sure to review non-continuous or stative verbs with students.
在學習的過程中，學生們應該學會處理這兩種相關聯的時態。通過講解二者區別的課程，可以幫助學生們瞭解他們用法的不同。現在完成時和現在完成進行時的測驗也能夠幫助學生們熟悉這兩種時態。關於這兩種時態的對話也可以幫助學生區別二者的不同。另外，一定要和學生對不連續動詞或靜態動詞進行回顧。
Challenges with the Present Perfect Continuous
現在完成進行時的難點
The main challenge students will face with the present perfect continuous is understanding that this form is used to focus on shorter lengths of time. I find it's a good idea to use a common verb such as 'teach' to illustrate the difference. For example:
學生們在學習現在完成進行時時，面臨的最主要的難點就是弄明白，這種形式是用來對一個短的時間段進行強調。我發現，可以利用共同的詞彙，例如have來闡釋二者的區別。例如：
I've taught English for many years. Today, I've been teaching for two hours.
我已經教了許多年的英語了。今天，我已經上了兩小時的課了。
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