吳哥窟英語簡介
吳哥窟又稱吳哥寺，位於在柬埔寨，被稱作柬埔寨國寶，是世界上最大的廟宇。下面本站小編爲大家帶來旅遊英語之吳哥窟英語簡介，歡迎大家閱讀!
angkor wat， one of the Most beautiful and mysterious historical sites in the world. located over 192 miles to the north-west of cambodia's capital phnom penh， angkor has been "protected" from tourism， and the customs and the cultures of the people living there have not changed much. however， intense internal warfare for over fifty years has impacted on the people and to an extent on the physical structure of the temples at angkor.
in 1991， the khmer rouge， the guerrilla movement， controlled the area. it was then very difficult to visit the area， and the only way to get there was by helicopter from phnom penh. i will never forget when i first got out from the helicopter， and stepped into the land of history， a land which the western civilization had forgotten. in this paper， i would like to discuss the history of the great temples of the "lost city" of angkor wat， but i would also like to describe some of my own observations from the summer of 1991.
for many years， angkor wat was totally isolated from the western world. large， thick jungles covers the area， and it is located in the center of cambodia. the french colonialists were the first westerners to get exposed to angkor. they heard rumors from the local population about "temples built by gods or by giants." most of the colonialists referred these rumors to folk tales， but some believed that there really was a "lost city of a cambodian empire"， which had once been powerful and wealthy.
the temples were first discovered by french missionaries in 1860. henri mahout， a french botanist started intensive research and restoration programs. these research efforts continued until 1968， when the vietnam war disrupted the studies. initially， he did not believe that the temples were built by cambodians， but by another race which had concurred and occupied cambodia for over 2000 years ago. his theory would later be proven to be incorrect， after that researchers discovered scripts on the walls of the temples， and stone sculptures， that have made it possible for archeologists to piece together the history of cambodia. now it is known that angkor， was the great capital city of the khmer empire from the city's founding in about ad 880 until about 1225.
the history of angkor wat dates back to the kingdom of funan. this kingdom was established by an indian brahmin， and in ad200， the country was peacefully settled by indian traders. four hundred years later， the kingdom had become a prosperous trading region. as the area was located on the pilgrim rout between china and india， hinduism and chinese buddhism was adopted by the new settlers. the indian and chinese influence can still be felt in cambodia， and the temples of angkor wat closely resembles hindu and buddhist temples that can be found in northern india and in nepal. in the end of ad600， the funan empire lost much of its power to the kingdom of chenla. the capital of this new empire， sambor， was located about 40 miles to the southeast of angkor. during this time， beautiful sculptures and carvings in sand-stone was popular. in ad750， a king with a reputation of being a war-like person， who was able to expand the chenla kingdom. however， trade with india stopped， and the indonesian empire raised to power.
massive expansion of the city continued throughout the next 200 years， and ambitious building programs expanded the city. many temples were built. the temples are spread out over about 40 miles around the village of siem reap. temples and similar structures to the temples that can be found in the city of angkor are common sights in thailand， laos， vietnam and in china. perhaps the most famous temple， angkor wat， is a temple dedicated to the hindu god vishnu was built during this period.
angkor wat is the highest achievement of khmer temple architecture， and is today the "flagship" of the temples at angkor. the temple is a huge pyramid structure. the compound at angkor wat covers an area of 1，500 by 1，300 m (4，920 by 4，265 ft) and is surrounded by a vast moat 180 m (590 ft) wide. along the causeway leading to the enormous entrance gate are balustrades shaped as giant serpents， which are believed to represent emblems of cosmic fertility. the temple consists of a towering complex of terraces and small buildings that are arranged in a series of three diminishing stories and surmounted by five towers. the roofed and unroofed structures are covered with bands of finely carved stone sculptures. the walls are covered with carved reliefs that illustrate hindu mythology， principally scenes relating to the god vishnu， to whom the temple was dedicated. the "mass of bas-relief carving is of the highest quality and the most beautifully executed in angkor." all the temple mountains of angkor were filled with three-dimensional images and every inch of the walls are covered by sculptures.
in the beginning of ad1200， the angkor and the khmer empire started to decline. when jayavarman vii died， the thai empire in the west emerged as a major power in the region. the thai capital was moved to ayudhya， near angkor， and obviously threatened the cambodian kingdom. in ad1389 the thais attacked angkor， and the city fell into the hands of the thais. the 15th-century conquest of the khmer kingdom by the thais resulted (1431) in the final abandonment of angkor. the city was deserted and the capital was moved to eastward to the region of the present capital phnom penh.
miraculously， very little damage has been made on the angkor region as a result of the bloody civil that has terrorized the cambodia for over 30 years. the khmer rouge， an extreme-left organization has actively organized guerrilla activities against prince sihanouk's government. in 1975， many buddhist monks who lived in the angkor temples were massacred along with the majority of the buddhist population as a result of a "social reorganization". however， angkor wat suffered very little structural damage in that attack. today， archeologists from all over the world are actively involved in the restoration process of the temples. much of the history of the "lost city" of angkor is still a mystery， but angkor has entered the "coca cola" and "kodak" age， and as cambodia is becoming more developed， the mystical atmosphere at angkor will disappear.
吳哥窟，世界上帶有神祕色彩也是最漂亮的歷史古蹟之一，位於柬國首都金邊西北方192公里。因吳哥的觀光資源曾被保護，所以當地居民的文化習俗並沒有改變。然而50年激烈的內戰，使得人民飽受戰爭之苦，也加深了吳哥廟宇的天然形成。1991年，高棉的游擊隊控制該地區，只有從金邊搭乘直升機才能到達吳哥。作者描述永遠無法忘記當他第一次踏上這塊歷史遺蹟-「失落的文明」，並介紹她所觀察的吳哥。
多年來，吳哥窟一直孤立於西方世界，她位於高棉的市中心且長期被叢林覆蓋。直到西歐國家第一次到達吳哥窟。這些法國人從當地區民的傳聞知道吳哥窟是由上帝所建造的。大部分的法國人認爲這些是無稽之談。但有些人士卻認爲這是個一度強盛而富裕的高棉，因政權沒落而被遺忘的城市。吳哥窟的廟宇是在1860年由法國傳教士所發現。由法國的植物學家亨利莫。哈特開始研究並揭開了這個古蹟。這個研究持續到1968年因越南內戰而結束。起初亨利莫。哈特認爲這些廟宇並非由柬國所建造，只是在200年前同時被其它民族所佔據。而他的理論被認爲是錯誤，因後來的考古學家在廟宇牆上所發現的石雕及刻字，經整理後拼湊出高棉的歷史後所證明。現在這個衆所皆知的吳哥城，就是公元880年~ 1225年所建造最大的城市。
吳哥窟的歷史要追朔到扶南王朝，扶南王朝是由印度上層人士所建立的，公元200年印度商人開始定居，400年後這個國家成爲一個繁榮的商圈。由於該地區位於中國和印度的英國清教徒中心，所以印度教和佛教也被移民者所接受。中國和印度也影響了高棉，因而吳哥廟宇的建築也類似於在印度北方及尼泊爾所發現的佛教和印度廟宇。公元600年扶南王朝開始沒落，新的首都成立於吳哥南方 40公里。這期間，雕刻精美的雕刻品和砂岩雕刻品是最受歡迎的。公元750年，一個好戰的國王開始擴展版圖。然而隨着貿易的沒落，取而代之的是武力。
吳哥窟是高棉建築中最高級的成就，也是最好的廟宇。而廟宇皆是巨大的塔狀建築物。吳哥窟的規模涵蓋了1500*1300公尺，並環繞着180尺寬的護城河。沿着堤道即可進入蛇形欄杆的巨型門入口，該蛇形圖繪象徵着生生不息的力量。而廟宇是由平臺和具有3個尖頂建築物和五個塔狀的建築物所構成的。而不管有無屋頂的建築物都有一精美的帶狀雕刻。牆壁上亦覆蓋以圖像描繪有關印度神話和重要事物的雕刻。吳哥窟大部分的雕刻都是最好也是最精美的藝術品。
在 1200年初，吳哥和高棉政權開始沒落，泰國政府的勢力開始浮現並將首都移至吳哥附近的ayudhya，威脅着高棉政府。1389年泰國征服了高棉放棄了吳哥城，並將政府移到現在的金邊。奇蹟似的，吳哥窟在經過了30年的內戰，僅受到少部分的損害，而高棉的游擊隊仍繼續對抗泰國政府。1975年住在吳哥廟宇的僧侶大量的被屠殺，即是改朝換代後的結果。然而吳哥窟仍是隻有受到少數損害，現在許多的廟宇仍積極的修護中。失落的城市——吳哥窟的歷史仍帶有神祕色彩，但隨着進入“可口可樂”及“柯達”的時代和高棉的發展，吳哥窟的神祕魅力也將逐漸消失。
吳哥窟英文介紹：神祕的高棉文化古蹟his ancient city is known to the world as Angkor Wat after its most beautiful temple, but the true wonderis the city itself, which is actually called Angkor.
這座古城被世人稱爲吳哥窟，以城中最美的廟宇的名字命名，而真正的奇蹟是這座城市本身，這座城市實際上叫吳哥。
The first temples were completed in the eighth century by early Khmer1 king Jayavarman and his heirs kept building on his legacy. The whole of Angkor was built over a period of about 600 years. It never stopped. It was to recreate in Hindu mythology the Mount Mira, the Hindu Heaven. And the kings wanted to elevate2 themselves to a god?like status and progressive kings enlarged upon it. And so it just grew and grew. Eachking wanted to build another temple. They were trying to create Heaven on Earth.
第一批寺廟在8世紀由古高棉國王耶跋摩建成，他的後代們繼承祖業，繼續修建。吳哥的整體建築花了大約600年的時間，並且從未停止過。它要重現印度神話中的米拉山——印度人的天堂。國王們想把自己提升到神那樣的位置上，於是一代一代的國王不斷地擴建，所以它就越建越大。每個國王都想新建一個廟宇，他們試圖建造人間的天堂。
The lush jungle paradise they created inevitably caught the attention of the neighboring kingdom of Siam3 now known as Thailand. After one hundred years of off and on battle, the Thai armies began to get the upper hand. At the end of it, the Cambodian people were exhausted. Their resources had run out. The Thais had a relatively easy victory when they finally sacked1 Angkor in 1431. But a mystery surrounds their out warning the Thai armies abandoned Angkor as suddenly as they conquered it and to this day no one knows why.
他們創建的奢華的叢林天堂不可避免地引起了鄰國暹羅王國(即現在的泰國)的注意。經過100年斷斷續續的爭鬥，泰國軍隊開始佔了上風。柬埔寨人最終筋疲力盡了，他們的資源消耗殆盡了。泰國人較易地取得了勝利，他們終於在1431年洗劫了吳哥。但他們的勝利卻罩着一層神祕的面紗。就像他們迅速征服它一樣，泰國軍隊一聲不響地迅速放棄了吳哥，至今誰也不知箇中原因。
The Royal Court just literally walked away from Angkor completely. The couple of temples were maintained and visited from time to time. But basically they just turned their back on 2 it. And the magnificent city became lost in the mists of time. Rumors of this sacred city floated throughout the jungles of Southeast Asia for centuries.
皇室完全地離開了吳哥。一些廟宇還得到維護並不時有人來看一看，但基本上皇室已經廢棄了吳哥。這座華麗的古城被湮滅在時間的迷霧中。幾個世紀以來，在東南亞的叢林中，一直流傳着有關這座聖城的傳說。
The locals were telling stories. There had been French naturalists through the area, but no one believed the tales. Then, in 1860 the French explorer Henri Mahout set out to find Angkor. One day he stepped into ajungle clearing and found himself walking through the imperial3 ruins of the ancient city. Over one hundred years later, the world is also beginning to understand the glory of Angkor.
當地人講述着種種故事。曾有一些法國自然學家到過這個地方，但沒有人相信這些傳說。後來，在1860年，法國探險家亨利·馬烏開始尋找吳哥。有一天他步入了一片叢林空地，發現他正走在這座古城的王國廢墟上。100多年後，世界也開始認識吳哥的輝煌。
關於吳哥窟英文閱讀：柬埔寨吳哥窟旁發現地下巨城An extensive network of ancient cities has been discovered in the Cambodian jungle around the ruins of Angkor Wat, the largest religious monument in the world.
日前，在全球最大的宗教紀念碑--吳哥窟遺蹟附近的柬埔寨叢林裏，發現了大片古老的城市。
Using ground penetrating lasers, scientists, researchers came back with high definition images of 12th century cities.
通過使用地面穿透激光，科學家、研?a href="">咳嗽貝亓爍咔邐氖蘭統鞘械耐枷瘛?/p>
A Unesco World heritage site, Angkor Wat dates back to the first half of the 12 century. It is estimated that it took 30 years to build the temple dedicated to the Hindu deity, Vishnu, at the behest of King Suryavarman II, the ruler of the Khmer Empire
作爲聯合國教科文組織的世界遺產之一，吳哥窟可以追溯到12世紀的前半期。這座神殿專門供奉印度教的主神毗溼奴，是在高棉帝國的統治者蘇利耶跋摩二世的授意下建造的，據估計共花費30年的時間建成。
The discovery of the earthen mounds by archaeologists who have been working in the area for years was reported by Livescience earlier this month.
考古學家們在該區域研究了數年的成果於本月初發表在《生活科學》上。
With the aid of airborne laser-scanning equipment, the researchers found huge fields of dome shaped earthen mounds, some of which were shaped into spirals. The mounds were placed on a grid, showing an ancient street pattern. In all the lasers scanned 735 square miles of the Angkor region and the results revealed an entire cityscape.
通過機載激光掃描設備的幫助，研究人員發現大片的圓頂形土丘，其中還有一些是螺旋狀的。這些土丘被安置在一個個格子裏，看起來像是古代街道的樣子。激光掃描了吳哥窟附近的735平方英里的區域，結果顯示了整個古城市羣。
Temples from the Khmer Empire were normally surrounded by wood and thatch buildings which have rotted away over time. But thanks to the lasers attached to the helicopters, the team was able to discover more substantial and robust structures which have stood the test of time.
高棉帝國的廟宇通常被雜草所包圍，這些建築會隨着時間的推移而破敗。不過，多虧有了機載激光，該團隊能夠發現這些經受住時間考驗的更堅固、更穩定的建築。
"It turned out we'd been walking and flying right over the top of this stuff for ten years and not even noticing it because of the vegetation," Damian Evans, one of the archaeologists said.
該團隊一名名叫達米安·埃文斯的考古學家表示：“十年來，我們在這個城市羣上面走過、飛過，卻由於濃密的植被而一直未曾注意到它們。”
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