【雅思口語】法寶之五：比較對照
在雅思口語考試中，考官受口試的模式和時間所限，不可能在口試中很有針對性地發問，其問題常常是很籠統、概括性很強的。因此，很多考生在回答問題時，喜歡說些空洞乏味的大話而沒有提供具體而生動的細節信息。殊不知，這些籠統和寬泛的回答很難得到高分。這時，考生應採取的策略是“大事化小”，也就是考官的問題可以空洞，而考生的回答卻必須具體。在遵循“形而下”總原則的前提下，考生必須提供具體的細節，做到言之有物。
從“比較對比”這一角度出發，節選雅思口語考試真題爲例，探索合理的應對方法，以供考生參考。
Part 1典型案例：
【真題實例】:
Q: Are your weekday and weekend routines different?
【模擬考場】:
A1: Yes, they are … quite different…
A2: Yes, on weekdays I’m busy with writing office reports, arranging activities, but whenever weekends come I just forget everything about job and have a good time with my family. I believe this is a sensible way of life, and we ought to keep a balance between career and family.
【專家點評】
Answer 1是考生碰到不太有話說的問題時的回答。相對而言，之所以Answer 2要更具體，內容會更豐富，就是本着“形而下”的原則，對“routine”在工作日和週末的安排進行了比較對照（工作日忙於工作，週末與家人共享天倫之樂），既展開了細節，又充分回答了問題。
【溫馨提醒】
千萬別忘了使用表示比較邏輯聯繫語來突出異同。如果不是正常的五天工作制，那就應該補充說明。
以下爲典型的“比較對照”表達句型，可供考生參考：
The upside of … is that… , but on the downside, …
The good thing about … is that …
The bad thing about … is that …
While it may be nice to … I think it is also quite …
The difference between … is that … is more … while … is more…
While … is perhaps more …, … is more…
The main difference between the ways… and the way… is in the …
The biggest difference between … about … years ago and today is that …
There are some key differences between … and …
One big way that … differ from … is …
Yes, there are quite a few differences between … and … A good example is …
The difference between … and … is that … tend to be more … while …
There is more … in … than in …
… in the past were more …,but now they are …
… is not as … as … but in many ways it is more… For one thing, you can …
There were fewer… years ago, compared to …
Part 2典型案例：【真題實例】:
Q:
【溫馨提醒】:
碰到此類“比較利弊型”（comparing advantages and disadvantages）考題，考生一定要從多方面提供拓展信息，並用適當的語言信號標誌語把“兩者利弊”有條理地組合在自己的話語中。建議考生可以利用準備的1分鐘，通過“頭腦風暴法”在頭腦中檢索出話題相關的詞彙。例如就本題而言，考生可以在準備期間用草稿紙記錄下頭腦中所呈現的詞彙。記錄時要快速，字體不工整或詞彙排列凌亂都沒關係，總之你是在努力檢索相關的詞彙就行了。你可能檢索到如下詞彙：
Advantages of city life and country life:
City life: exciting; attractive to young people; offering the best schools,hospitals and stores;offering a variety of sports facilities and other leisure activities;many chances of employment; efficient public transportation system
Country life: close to nature; breathing fresh air; enjoying the songs of birds; people in countryside are more friendly/honest/frank with each other;they are more hospitable; a good living environment
Disadvantages of city life and country life:
City life: unhealthy;pollution(e.g. water pollution, air pollution and noise pollution);no natural space for children;far away from nature; noisy;full of pressures;more crimes;overcrowded and expensive living;rush hours and traffic jams
Country life: boring; no exciting event; inefficient transportation; delayed news; isolated from metropolitan city; little opportunity to make a lot of money or to find a job; no entertainment; no good medical service; lack of modern life facilities;lack of good education
【模擬考場】:
A: In modern societies, most people are in favor of living in big cities because of a better environment to live in. Undoubtedly, a big city has many social,educational and cultural facilities —— pubilc libraries, universities and colleges,museums, art galleries, clubs,etc. It also has a wide variety of big stores,restaurants,theatres and other forms of entertainment. (先介紹城市生活的優點:環境好，設施好，又有很多娛樂場所。)
When it comes to the country,you can find its attraction too. You can be very close to nature. The air is fresh and the sun shines on you ead of noise, you hear the singing of birds which makes you relaxed and happy. Life in the country is so great, cozy and colourful.(再介紹鄉村生活的優點：靠近自然，空氣新鮮，享受陽光，沒有噪音，人感到放鬆，舒適。和城市生活形成鮮明對比。)
However, both the city and the country have their weak e are serious air pollution,ceaseless noise,traffic jams and more crimes in big cities;whereas country life can be very boring with little opportunity to make money.(接着提出城市生活和鄉村生活都各有其缺點：城市生活是多空氣污染，無休止的噪音，交通堵塞，和更多的犯罪；而鄉村生活賺錢的機會比較少。)
As far as I am concerned, I prefer to have a city life as most people do. Modern people can easily adapt themselves to city life. Noise, traffic, violence,etc. are hardly noticeable. I believe that country life is dull and inconvenient. Actually, we modern people are too sophisticated for simple country pleasure. We need more opportunities to meet a variety of interesting people, to get better jobs and to fulfill our ambitions and dreams. In big cities there are always a greater range of jobs for us to choose. I suppose this is one of the most important reasons why so many people want to live in big cities.(最後點明考生自己的觀點：更喜歡城市生活。城市人可以很快融入城市生活 —— 噪音、交通、暴力問題很難感覺到。鄉村生活很無聊，也不方便。但事實上，城市人已經無法單純地享受簡單生活的快樂了，我們需要更多機會去結識人，找更好的工作，實現夢想。畢竟在大城市裏，工作種類是很多的。)
Part 3典型案例：
【真題實例】:
Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of tourism for the country?
【溫馨提醒】
問題強調的是對於國家而言的利弊，所以不應該談論對某一特定地區的影響。
【模擬考場】:
A: It helps to develop the local economy. In many parts of the world, tourism constitutes a major part of the areas in certain countries are almost exclusively dependent on income from the tourist sometimes the natural scenery will be severely spoiled if too many vistors come and there is no proper management and service to match it.
