不能錯過的英文中各種“水”的表達以及俚語
You probably interact with water every day, even if you aren’t aware of it. Because water is so important in our daily lives, it’s also crucial in language! The word water has both literal and metaphorical meanings, and there are many phrases and idioms that use water to describe something. Collocations with water are plentiful – just see below!
你可能每天都和水互動，即使你不知道。因爲水在我們的日常生活中非常重要，它在語言中也很重要！水這個詞既有字面意義，也有隱喻意義，有許多短語和習語用水來形容事物。與水的搭配很豐富-請看下面！
Types of water (literally)
水的類型（字面意思）
Because there are so many ways that you can describe water, it is very easy to get confused. These are some common adjectives that help you understand how it is being described.
因爲描述水的方法有很多種，所以很容易混淆。這些是一些常見的形容詞，可以幫助你理解它是如何被描述的。
The water’s edge
站在水邊
If you are standing at the edge of a body of water looking into it, you are standing at the water’s edge. This is usually used to describe smaller bodies of water, like ponds and lakes, but can be used for oceans and seas. If you are on a beach but not right next to the water, the water’s edge usually does not describe you.
如果你站在一個水體的邊緣往裏看，你就是站在水邊。通常用於描述較小的水體，如池塘和湖泊，但也可用於海洋。如果你在海灘上，但不在水的旁邊，水的邊緣通常不能描述你。
Examples
例子
To really get a good look at the starfish in the water, you have to stand at the water’s edge.
要想真正看清水中的海星，你必須站在水邊。
The mother thought that standing at the water’s edge to take pictures of her children would prevent her from getting wet herself, but her son splashed her with water anyways.
母親以爲站在水邊給孩子們拍照可以防止她自己淋溼，但她兒子還是用水潑了她一身。
Salt water
鹹水
The water in the ocean, which is full of salt and other minerals, is salt water. Water that has any amount of salt in it can be considered salt water. Most of the world’s water is salt water, which can also be written as one word, saltwater, without changing the meaning. Salt water can be a noun or adjective.
海洋中充滿鹽和其他礦物質的水是鹹水。任何含鹽量的水都可以被認爲是鹽水。世界上大部分的水都是鹹水，也可以寫成一個詞，鹹水，意思不變。鹽水可以是名詞或形容詞。
Examples
例子
Even if you are extremely thirsty, don’t drink salt water. It can dehydrate you even more. It always feels uncomfortable to have the salt from evaporated salt water on your skin after you get up from swimming in the ocean.
即使你非常渴，也不要喝鹽水。它會讓你更加脫水。當你在海里游泳起牀後，把蒸發的鹽水中的鹽分沾到皮膚上，總是感覺不舒服。
Fresh water
淡水
The opposite of salt water is fresh water, which is used to describe water that is pure, and does not have salts. Humans can only drink fresh water, and some marine life survive only in fresh water. Freshwater can be used as a noun or adjective.
與鹽水相反的是淡水，淡水是用來描述純淨的，不含鹽的水。人類只能飲用淡水，有些海洋生物只能在淡水中生存。淡水可用作名詞或形容詞。
Examples
例子
Only about 3% of the world’s water is fresh water, and most of that water is trapped in frozen glaciers. /It’s important to conserve fresh water because there is so little of it in the world. I have some fresh water fish in my house.
世界上只有大約3%的水是淡水，而這些水大部分被困在冰凍的冰川中。/保護淡水是很重要的，因爲世界上淡水太少了。我家裏有一些淡水魚。
White water
白水
In some streams and rivers that flow downhill, the water can flow extremely fast. In the cases in which water flows fast enough to create white waves, it is called white water. The phrase is commonly used to describe extreme sports like white water rafting, where people raft down these fast-flowing waters for entertainment. White water can also be written as whitewater, as both the noun and adjective.
在一些向下流動的溪流和河流中，水流速度極快。在水流速度足以產生白色波浪的情況下，它被稱爲白水。這個短語通常用來形容極限運動，如白水漂流，人們從這些快速流動的水域漂流下來娛樂。white water也可以寫成whitewater，兼作名詞和形容詞。
Examples
例子
It’s dangerous to be trapped in white water, because the force of water is actually very large. I have never been whitewater rafting, but my brother swears that it’s the most enjoyable thing he has ever done. You only get white water where there are lots of mountains and valleys.
困在白水裏很危險，因爲水的力量實際上非常大。我從未參加過漂流，但我哥哥發誓這是他做過的最愉快的事。你只能在有很多山脈和山谷的地方得到白水。
Running water
流動的水
Water that comes out of the faucet and usually has been purified is running water. This phrase is usually used to describe a luxury of the developed world, in contrast to places where you have to get water from large wells or other water containers.
從水龍頭裏出來的水通常已經被淨化了，這就是自來水。這句話通常用來形容發達國家的奢華，與那些必須從大水井或其他水容器取水的地方形成對比。
Examples
例子
When I went camping with my Girl Scout Troop, we didn’t even have running water! Most people don’t think of it that way, but having running water, hot and cold, at all times of the day is a real luxury.
當我和我的女童子軍去露營時，我們連自來水都沒有！大多數人不這麼認爲，但是在一天中的任何時候都有自來水，不管是熱的還是冷的，都是一種真正的奢侈。
Bottled water
瓶裝水
A solution to not having running water is using a lot of bottled water instead. You can buy water that is already packaged in bottles, which is often safer than water that comes from the faucet.
解決沒有自來水的辦法是用大量瓶裝水代替。你可以買已經包裝在瓶子裏的水，這通常比水龍頭裏的水更安全。
Examples
例子
You are not allowed to bring bottled water on the plane, even if you have not opened the bottle yet. Apparently, bottled water is one of the most expensive types of liquids in the world – more expensive than oil!
你不能帶瓶裝水上飛機，即使你還沒有打開瓶子。顯然，瓶裝水是世界上最昂貴的液體之一，比石油還貴！
Mineral water
礦泉水
A special type of bottled water that contains different types of nutrients is mineral water. Most of the time, the extra nutrients are artificially added, even if the label says something different. Much of the bottled water that is sold in restaurants is mineral water.
礦泉水是一種特殊類型的瓶裝水，含有不同類型的營養成分。大多數情況下，額外的營養素是人爲添加的，即使標籤上寫的是不同的。餐館裏出售的瓶裝水大部分是礦泉水。
Examples
例子
I would rather drink tap water than mineral water. Yan has no idea whether mineral water is actually healthier than other types of water, but he buys a lot of it anyways.
我寧願喝自來水也不願喝礦泉水。嚴不知道礦泉水是否真的比其他類型的水更健康，但他還是買了很多。
Sparkling water
蘇打水
Popular in many European cafes, sparkling water is usually lightly carbonated and served from a bottle. Most types have some very light flavoring, often with fruit, but usually lacks any sugar. The default water in some European restaurants is sparkling water.
在許多歐洲咖啡館都很受歡迎，起泡水通常是輕碳酸化的，用瓶子飲用。大多數類型都有一些非常輕的調味品，通常是水果，但通常不含糖。一些歐洲餐館的默認飲用水是起泡水。
Examples
例子
I think the carbonation of sparkling water is the best! I really wish they would serve regular water since I hate sparkling water.
我認爲碳酸化的起泡水是最好的！我真希望他們能提供普通的水，因爲我討厭汽水。
Flat water
靜水
The opposite of sparkling water and carbonation is flat water, which is not carbonated. Because flat water is the default state of water, most of the time calling it flat water is unnecessary. Using this term is usually just to call attention to the contrast between it and sparkling or other carbonated drinks.
與起泡水和碳酸化相反的是不碳化的靜水。因爲靜水是水的默認狀態，所以大多數時候稱之爲靜水是沒有必要的。使用這個詞通常只是爲了提醒人們注意它與起泡或其他碳酸飲料之間的對比。
Examples
例子
In European countries such as France, you have to specify that you want flat water or else they will give you sparkling water by default. I really hate when soda goes flat, but I definitely prefer flat water to sparkling water. After having sparkling water, it seems boring to go back to drinking flat water.
在法國等歐洲國家，你必須指定你想要平水，否則他們會默認給你提供起泡水。我真的很討厭蘇打水變淡，但比起汽水，我更喜歡淡水。喝過起泡水後，再去喝無氣泡的水似乎很無聊。
Hard water
硬水
Hard water is usually a term used in water purification or any conversation related to water pipes. It refers to water that is filled with natural solutes, or substances that are dissolved in it. Sometimes, hard water must be treated before it is filtered through pipes because the minerals in the water can build up in water pipes and cause them to stop up.
硬水通常是水淨化或任何與水管有關的談話中使用的術語。它是指充滿天然溶質或溶解在其中的物質的水。有時，硬水在通過管道過濾之前必須經過處理，因爲水中的礦物質會積聚在水管中，導致水管堵塞。
Examples
例子
It’s a costly process but the hard water that comes must be purified before we send it back out for regular people to use in their homes. Hard water can really damage your water pipes, so make sure you are careful to prevent that from happening.
這是一個昂貴的過程，但是在我們把硬水送回去給普通人在家裏使用之前，必須對其進行淨化。硬水真的會損壞你的水管，所以一定要小心防止這種情況發生。
Tap water
自來水
Another common type of water is tap water, or water that comes from the faucet directly. Tap is another word for faucet, so any water that comes directly from the piped supply is known as tap water.
另一種常見的水是自來水，或者直接從水龍頭裏出來的水。Tap是水龍頭的另一個詞，所以任何直接從管道供水的水都被稱爲自來水。
Examples
例子
In most developed countries, tap water is safe to drink. If you are unsure about the safety, don’t drink the tap water.
在大多數發達國家，飲用自來水是安全的。如果你不確定安全性，不要喝自來水。
Murky water
渾水
Water that is not clear, usually because it has mud, algae, and dirt in it, is murky. Even though clear water is not always cleaner than murky water, the murkiness of the water often makes it appear dirtier.
不清澈的水是渾濁的，通常是因爲裏面有泥、藻類和污垢。儘管清澈的水並不總是比渾濁的水乾淨，但渾濁的水常常使它顯得更髒。
Examples
例子
To clean most water supplies in the wild, let the murky water sit for a while to filter out the sand and creatures in it. Most people reach for the clear water than the murky water, but bacteria that make you sick are microscopic, so you can’t tell which water is actually safer to drink.
爲了清潔野外的大部分水源，讓渾濁的水靜置一會兒，過濾掉其中的沙子和生物。大多數人接觸到的是清澈的水，而不是渾濁的水，但是讓你生病的細菌是微小的，所以你無法判斷哪種水喝起來更安全。
Shallow water
淺水
Shallow water has a literal meaning – the opposite of deep. If water is shallow, you can usually see through it to the bottom. However, if you compare it to a very deep body of water such as the ocean, you could say that any water shallower than that is shallow water.
淺水有字面意思，與深水相反。如果水很淺，你通常可以透過它看到底部。然而，如果你把它與一個非常深的水體，比如海洋，你可以說任何比它淺的水都是淺水。
Examples
例子
Let the infants go to the kiddie pool; the shallow water there makes it less likely for anything bad to happen. Murky water will make anything look deep, even if it is actually shallow water.
讓孩子們去兒童游泳池吧，那裏的淺水使得不太可能發生任何不好的事情。渾濁的水會使任何東西看起來很深，即使它實際上是淺水。
Water table
地下水
A water table is a layer of water under the surface of the ground. It stores rainwater that has trickled through the ground, and can be piped up to use. Water from the water table is usually purified already because it has to seep through the tiny cracks of layers of rocks, so many wells directly tap into this water source.
地下水位是地下的一層水。它儲存了從地下滴下的雨水，可以通過管道輸送到地面上使用。來自地下水位的水通常已經被淨化了，因爲它必須從岩石層的微小裂縫中滲出，所以很多井都直接將水注入這個水源。
Examples
例子
The water table under our city is extensive, so we haven’t been impacted by the drought as much. Water tables can only be formed in places where the rock is porous, or allows water to seep through, such as limestone.
我們城市地下水位很廣，所以我們沒有受到乾旱的影響。地下水位只能在岩石多孔或允許水滲入的地方形成，比如石灰岩。
Water metaphors
關於水的隱喻
To be in hot water
處於水深火熱之中
If you are in hot water, you are in major trouble. This means that you have done something wrong and are about to be yelled at by a boss, parent, significant other, etc. Usually, this is used to describe a sudden or temporary problem.
如果你處於困境，你就有大麻煩了。這意味着你做了錯事，即將被老闆、父母、重要的其他人等大喊大叫。通常，這是用來描述一個突然或暫時的問題。
Examples
例子
The politician was in hot water after he completely turned on his campaign promises. The media made sure to talk about the CEO’s mistake so much that the whole nation knew he was in hot water.
他在競選中完全違背了他的諾言。媒體對這位首席執行官的錯誤大談特談，全國人民都知道他處境艱難。
Throw cold water on something
潑冷水
If you really don’t appreciate what someone else is doing or saying, you can throw cold water on it to decrease other peoples’ enthusiasm for it. While you can do this because the thing you are disparaging is bad in itself, throwing cold water is usually done out of jealousy or spite.
如果你真的不欣賞別人的言行，你可以潑冷水來降低別人對它的熱情。雖然你可以這樣做，因爲你鄙視的東西本身是不好的，潑冷水通常是出於嫉妒或怨恨。
Examples
例子
Jack was really throwing cold water on Jane’s new company, so we knew something was going on with him. Stop throwing cold water on this presentation! If you don’t like it, just leave!
傑克真是對簡的新公司潑冷水，所以我們知道他出了什麼事。別再給這個演示潑冷水了！如果你不喜歡，就走吧！
To go under water
處於低谷
Going under water usually refers to a situation with money. If a business goes under water, it usually loses so much money that it is no longer practical to continue. An individual can go under water on their house if the money they own on their mortgage is too much for them to continue paying. In either case, people usually have to file for bankruptcy.
下水通常指的是和錢有關的情況。如果一個企業陷入水深火熱之中，它通常會虧損太多，以致於無法繼續經營下去。如果個人抵押貸款的錢太多而無法繼續支付，那麼他們的房子可能會處於低谷。無論哪種情況，人們通常都要申請破產。
Examples
例子
I thought that Caleb’s startup was making a lot of money, but it turns out it went under water last week. The Great Recession in 2008 led to millions of people going under water on their mortgages because they lost their jobs and couldn’t afford to keep paying.
我原以爲卡萊布的初創公司賺了很多錢，但結果上個星期就泡湯了。2008年的大蕭條導致數百萬人的抵押貸款陷入困境，因爲他們失業，無力繼續支付。
To be in deep water
處於困境
Similar to being in hot water, deep water means that someone is in big trouble. The difference is that deep water is usually something that is more gradual, so a financial problem that has been brewing for years is a deep water problem rather than a hot water problem.
就像在熱水中一樣，深水意味着某人有大麻煩。不同的是，深水通常是比較漸進的，所以醞釀多年的金融問題是深水問題，而不是熱水問題。
Examples
例子
It makes sense that the Mccarthys were in deep water financially because they had avoided paying taxes for years. It seems surprising to a lot of people that Mary was in deep water with her family, but those of us who really knew her had expected it all along.
麥卡錫一家之所以陷入財政困境，是因爲他們多年來一直逃避納稅。對很多人來說，瑪麗和她的家人陷入困境似乎讓很多人感到驚訝，但我們這些真正瞭解她的人早就預料到了這一點。
Water under the bridge.
覆水難收。
If you decide to forgive something, that thing becomes water under the bridge. In other words, it is something that is forgiven and forgotten.
如果你決定原諒某件事，那件事就會變成橋下的水。換句話說，它是被原諒和遺忘的東西。
Examples
例子
I was really angry with my boyfriend at the time, but now it just seems like water under the bridge. The worst kind of communication is when one person thinks that her mistake is water under the bridge, but the other holds on to a grudge.
我當時真的很生我男朋友的氣，但現在看來就像是往事隨風。最糟糕的溝通方式是，一個人認爲自己的錯誤是覆水難收，而另一個人卻懷恨在心。
To be in uncharted waters
摸石頭過河
Someone who is in new, undiscovered territory – literally and metaphorically – is in uncharted waters. This often refers to new situations and possibilities – especially those that no one has ever explored before. The phrase implies a little bit of naiveté and sometimes a little skepticism at the person’s ability to navigate the situation.
一個人在一個新的，未被發現的領域-字面上和隱喻-是在未知的水域。這通常指的是新的情況和可能性，尤其是那些從未有人探索過的情況和可能性。這句話暗含着一點天真，有時也有點懷疑這個人駕馭形勢的能力。
Examples
例子
Smith’s research group is really venturing out into uncharted waters this semester – they have been experimenting with gene insertion! Jared is in uncharted waters with his business; he doesn’t have any idea how to handle the new demands!
史密斯的研究小組這學期真的是在探索未知的領域——他們一直在試驗基因插入！賈裏德的生意陷入了未知的境地；他不知道如何處理新的需求！
Doesn’t hold water
不起作用
If an argument doesn’t hold water, it means that it has a lot of holes and can easily be disproven. It is often used to describe a viewpoint, but can also apply to anything that can be proven false.
如果一個論點站不住腳，那就意味着它有很多漏洞，很容易被駁倒。它經常被用來描述一個觀點，但也適用於任何可以證明是錯誤的東西。
Examples
例子
I definitely thought that the politician’s claims didn’t hold water, but it seemed that the voters felt differently. Patty doesn’t want the jury to find that her argument doesn’t hold any water, so she stayed up all night preparing her case.
我肯定認爲這位政客的說法站不住腳，但選民們的感受似乎不同。帕蒂不想讓陪審團發現她的論點站不住腳，所以她通宵準備她的案子。
Come hell or high water
不擇手段
This is a phrase that means regardless of anything that happens. Whether it is hell, high water, or any other challenge, that will not deter the person from doing what they need to. Come hell or high water is commonly used in Western films, but the phrase can be used in any trying situation.
這個短語的意思是不管發生什麼事。無論是地獄、高水位，還是任何其他挑戰，這都不會阻止人們去做他們需要做的事情。西方電影中常使用地獄或高潮，但這句話可以用在任何艱難的情況下。
Examples
例子
Come hell or high water, the festival will go on tomorrow as planned. She has been incredibly consistent over the last few decades; she has gone to the farmer’s market to sell her family’s fruits come hell or high water every Sunday.
不管怎樣，這個節日明天照常舉行。在過去的幾十年裏，她一直保持着令人難以置信的穩定；她每個星期天都會去農貿市場賣家裏的水果。
Keep one’s head above water
保持頭腦清醒
If you are struggling significantly to keep up with other people or any expectations, you may struggle to keep your head above water. This has a literal meaning, but the figurative meaning is more commonly used. The imagery comes from people who can be literally drowning, or figuratively drowning in tasks such as paperwork or homework.
如果你在努力跟上別人或任何期望，你可能很難保持頭腦清醒。這有字面意義，但比喻意義更常用。這些圖像來自於人們，他們可以是字面上的溺水者，也可以是象徵性地淹沒在諸如文書工作或家庭作業之類的任務中的人。
Examples
例子
If you overload yourself before you establish a routine in college, you may really struggle to keep your head above water. Nancy definitely didn’t expect running her own business to be this difficult, but she has done a good job of keeping her head above water so far.
如果你在大學裏養成一套固定的生活習慣，你可能真的很難保持頭腦清醒。南希絕對沒想到自己的生意會這麼難做，但到目前爲止，她在保持頭腦清醒方面做得很好。
Verbs associated with water
與水有關的動詞
Turn on the water
打開水
If you have a faucet or tap and want water to come out of it, you turn on the water. Turn on the water, will you? I’m about to wash the dishes.
如果你有水龍頭或水龍頭，想讓水從裏面流出，你就把水打開。把水打開，好嗎？我正要洗碗。
Pour water
倒水
To move water from one place (usually a bucket, pitcher, or other container for water) to another, you can pour water. Pour is a verb associated only with transferring liquids from one container to another. I poured the water from my pitcher into my glass.
把水從一個地方（通常是水桶、水罐或其他盛水的容器）移到另一個地方，你可以倒水。Pour是一個動詞，只與將液體從一個容器轉移到另一個容器有關。我把水罐裏的水倒進杯子裏。
Slosh water
晃動水
To slosh water means to move it actively in a container. The water probably will move quickly from side to side, and even go over the edge of the bucket, glass, etc. Sloshing water means that you splash it, or almost spill it. Marie sloshed the water so much that most of it ended up on the floor rather than stayed in the bucket.
晃動水意味着在容器中主動地移動水。水可能會迅速地從一邊移到另一邊，甚至會越過水桶、玻璃等的邊緣。晃動的水意味着你潑了它，或者幾乎把它灑了。瑪麗把水潑得太厲害了，大部分都倒在地板上，而不是留在桶裏。
Water down
To water down something means to make it less extreme or intense. This can apply to a metaphorical thing (watering down your nationalist philosophy) or something physical (water down the lemonade to make it taste less sweet). Another synonym for water down is to dilute – which can be used for both literal and figurative things. I thought that the latte I ordered was too sweet and tried to water it down with milk, but I put too much and it ended up tasting like milk flavored with some coffee. The political party decided to rebrand its image in order to water down its hard stances on immigration and foreign trade.
淡化某物意味着使它不那麼極端或激烈。這可以應用於隱喻性的東西（淡化你的民族主義哲學）或一些物質的東西（把檸檬水澆下去，讓它嚐起來不那麼甜）。水淡化的另一個同義詞是稀釋-它可以用於字面和比喻的東西。我覺得我點的拿鐵太甜了，想用牛奶把它沖淡，但我放太多了，結果嚐起來像加了咖啡的牛奶。該政黨決定重塑自己的形象，以淡化其在移民和對外貿易問題上的強硬立場。
Splash water
Splashing water is something that children, especially babies, like to do in the bath! They will let the water spray or flow over the edge of the container. You can also splash water when you try to throw it at someone and get them wet.The baby did not like to take baths so she splashed water all over the bathroom and her mother when she was put in the water.
Spray water
噴水
Spraying and splashing water are similar, but spraying usually involves a tool. Common tools to spray water include a spray bottle or water gun, where water is deliberately shot at something. Spraying is usually more purposeful. Be careful where you spray the water!
噴灑和濺水是相似的，但噴灑通常需要工具。常用的噴水工具包括一個水壺或水槍，水被故意射向某物。噴灑通常更有目的性。小心你噴水的地方！
Sprinkle water
灑水
Sprinkling is another verb associated with moving water, but more slowly and with less volume at a time. To sprinkle water is like dropping small droplets of water on something, the way a sprinkler in your yard will spray small amounts of water all over your yard to make sure all your plants get water. The best way to water your lawn is to sprinkle the water around everywhere.
灑水是另一個與移動的水有關的動詞，但速度較慢，每次的體積也較小。灑水就像是把小水滴滴在某物上，就像你院子裏的灑水器會把少量的水噴灑到你的院子裏，以確保你所有的植物都能得到水。給你的草坪澆水的最好方法就是到處灑水。
Spurt water
噴水
Water spurts when it comes out of a pipe, hose, or other place very suddenly and in large volumes. A steady stream of water can come out all at once and spurt everywhere, getting everyone wet in the process. Bob wasn’t be careful so he accidentally spurt water all over the car!
當水從管道、軟管或其他地方流出時，水會突然大量噴出。一股源源不斷的水流可以一下子流出來，噴得到處都是，在這個過程中，每個人都會溼透。鮑勃不小心，所以他不小心把水濺到了車上！
Squirt water
噴水
Squirting water is similar to a medium between spraying and spurting. The water, if squirted, comes out as a small stream. Usually squirting is done by a person with a tool, such as a water gun, and is directed at a specific target. My son really likes to poke a small hole in his water bottle so he can squirt water with it.
噴射介質與噴射介質相似。水如果噴出來，就會變成一條小溪。通常噴射是由一個人用工具（如水槍）來完成的，並且是針對特定目標的。我兒子真的很喜歡在他的水瓶上戳個小洞，這樣他就可以用水壺噴水了。
