學會排除雅思閱讀答案中的干擾項
我們在做題的時候,尤其是選擇題,經常會遇到干擾的部分,正因為有了這些干擾項,才讓考試顯得不那麼簡單。在雅思閱讀考試中,單項選擇與多項選擇中是不是也遇到了相關的干擾呢?大家只要能抓住這些干擾項特點,做對題也不是那麼困難的。
一、 重要干擾項
重要干擾項就是指,這種選項雖然不是正確答案,卻與原文不衝突(或者很難判斷是否與原文衝突),它們與正確答案看起來比較相似,只不過不如正確答案更準確、更完整或更嚴謹。我們和小編一起來看下面的例子:
In Tarkovsky’s opinion, the attraction of the cinema is that it
A aims to impress its audience.
B tells stories better than books.
C illustrates the passing of time.
D describes familiar events.
我們可以定位到原文的C段和D段,C段提到:The frightened audience could not accept that they were watching a mere picture. Pictures were still, only reality moved; this must, therefore, be reality. In their confusion, they feared that a real train was about to crush them. 這一段文字表達了觀眾當時的反應,觀眾們很難接受自己看到的是圖畫而不是事實。D段提到:The key to that magic was the way in which cinema created a dynamic image of the real flow of events. A still picture could only imply the existence of time, while time in a novel passed at the whim of the reader. But in cinema, the real, objective flow of time was captured. 這段文字描述了電影創造了事件隨時間的發展演變,並且用picture和novel進行類比,強調電影的魔力是讓人清楚地看到事情流暢地隨時間演變。
根據這兩段文字所表達的意思,很多學生會選擇A或B選項,因為原文提及了觀眾、小說(書)的內容。A和B兩個選項與原文所講的內容並不是矛盾或完全不符合的。因此,這兩個選項就干擾了我們正確的選擇。當我們把這兩段文字仔細推敲之後,發現描述觀眾的反應和對比書和電影的區別,都是為了表達電影的魔力在於表達事件隨時間的發展這一主題含義。C項的含義比AB要更準確,因此答案選擇C項。
二、 錯誤干擾項
相比之下,多選題目的錯誤干擾項就較容易識別出來了。我們可以看到,有些題目中,某個選項與原文是直接矛盾的,那麼肯定不會選擇它為正確的答案。比如:
A recent survey found that in British secondary schools,
A there was more bullying than had previously been the case.
B there was less bullying than in primary schools.
C cases of persistent bullying were very common.
D indirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with.
我們看到原文,其中有一句話是:There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying. 通過這句話,我們可以明顯地判斷出,C項的含義與原文是矛盾的。very common和one in twenty-five的比例是明顯不符的。因此,C選項就是一個錯誤的干擾項,我們可以確定地排除答案是C項的可能性。