10位殘暴的優秀導演(下)

i-Georges Clouzot

5.亨利—喬治·克魯佐

Henri-Georges Clouzot was a groundbreaking French director known for his thrilling, Hitchcock-esque dramas like 1953's The Wages of Fear and 1955's Les Diaboliques. His films were no-nonsense, and likewise, his treatment of actors involved little humor. Like Werner Herzog, Clouzot often strove for realism in his films. For example, in Les Diaboliques, when students were supposed to be eating rotten fish, they were instructed to eat actual rotten fish .

亨利—喬治·克魯佐是一位具有開創性的法國導演，因希區柯克式驚險片而聞名，代表作有1953年《恐懼的代價》和1955年《惡魔》。他的電影非常嚴肅，同樣，他對待演員的態度也很嚴肅。和沃納·赫爾佐格一樣，克魯佐的電影追求現實主義。比如在電影《惡魔》中，學生們需要吃腐爛的魚，克魯佐就要求演員真的吃腐爛的魚。

Suzy Delair and Clouzot were a couple for 12 years, and the actress later starred in two of his films. Remarking on Clouzot's manipulation of actors, Delair said, "So what? He slapped others as well. (... ) He was tough, but I'm not about to complain." Clouzot repeatedly slapped around cast members to alter their emotional state and gave Bernard Blier a real blood transfusion in Quai des Orfevres, but perhaps the worst was his treatment of actress Brigitte Bardot on the set of his 1960 film, La Verite.

蘇希·德萊爾嫁給克魯佐約12年，這位女演員主演過他的兩部電影。德萊爾在評論克魯佐對演員的控制時説：“那又怎樣？他還扇別人耳光呢……他很嚴格，但是我不會抱怨他的。”克魯佐曾反覆扇演員耳光，以改變他們的情緒。拍攝《貧賤夫妻百事哀》時，他真的給貝爾納·布里耶輸血，不過被他折磨得最狠的是女演員碧姬·芭鐸。

The two clashed significantly, especially after a scene where Clouzot plied Bardot with alcohol and had her consume numerous sleeping pills, only to get her stomach pumped shortly after filming the scene. At one point, Clouzot was so fed up that he shook her by the shoulders, screaming, "I don't need amateurs in my films. I want an actress!" Bardot responded with a slap and the reply, "And I need a director, not a psychopath!"

當時在拍1960《真相》，克魯佐讓芭鐸喝了很多酒還服用了大量安眠藥，只為了給她洗胃，這就引起了兩人的衝突。當時克魯佐非常厭煩，他搖了搖她的肩膀，叫道：“我的電影裏不要業餘的，我要的是一個演員！”芭鐸回敬了一個耳光：“我要的是一個導演，不是一個精神病！”

Most of Clouzot's treatment of actors also stemmed from pessimism, something he tried to portray in films by revealing the subtler evils of humanity, which he learned from spending five years in a sanatorium for tuberculosis. Clouzot was a mentally tortured soul later in his life, but his actors were the ones physically tortured.

克魯佐對演員的態度也源於他的悲觀主義，他在電影裏揭示人性微妙的邪惡，以體現悲觀主義，而這都是他在肺結核療養院度過的五年裏親身體會到的，之後克魯佐承受着精神上的折磨，而他的演員們，承受着身體上的折磨。

ed Hitchcock

4.阿爾弗雷德·希區柯克

Cinema's master of suspense is notable for his films as well as his eccentric personality and iconic image. And while most of his movies were successful and certainly thrilling, his famous remark that "actors should be treated like cattle" outlines the mentality he held for his stars.

懸疑大師出名的不僅是他的電影，還有他古怪的性格和標誌性的形象。雖然他的大部分電影都很成功，都很扣人心絃，但是他有句名言——“應該像對待牛那樣對待演員”，這概括了他對演員所持有的態度。

His first of many recorded instances of actor abuse occurred on the set of his 1935 film, The 39 Steps. He would announce lead actress Madeline Carroll's presence on-set by yelling, "Bring on the Birmingham tart!" and would leave her handcuffed to her costar for hours on end, claiming to have lost the key (an act that caused bruises). Other times, when he wanted a sincere reaction of surprise or shock, Hitchcock would undo his belt as if he was going to expose himself to the actress.

根據記錄，他多次虐待演員的罪行可追溯到他1935年的電影《三十九級台階》。他會在片場大聲侮辱女主角瑪德琳·卡羅爾為“伯明翰小妞（tart，另有妓女之意）”，還讓她的搭檔給她戴上手銬，幾個小時之後拍完了，他又説鑰匙丟了，造成了卡羅爾手腕的瘀傷。還有幾次，他為了獲取卡羅爾驚喜或震驚的真實反應，就鬆開腰帶，裝作要向她展露自己的某部位。

This wasn't an isolated incident, however, and many of Hitchcock's cruelties resulted from his notorious penchant for blonde female leads. He took pleasure in agitating his actresses with crude sexual jokes, even going as far as making up a story about sleeping with Ingrid Bergman and having actress Janet Leigh filmed in the shower for a six-day shooting period for 1960's Psycho.

這可不是特殊事件，希區柯克的許多暴行都源於他對金髮女主演的“情有獨鍾”。他以講粗俗的黃色笑話騷擾女演員為樂，甚至編故事説他睡過英格麗·褒曼，還在1960《驚魂記》拍攝過程中讓珍妮特·利在淋浴間裏待了六天。

But by far, the worst was his treatment of lead Tippi Hedren while shooting 1963's The Birds. Like many of his prior leads, Hedren was a blonde whom Hitchcock became infatuated with. After she refused some of his advances, Hitchcock had live birds attached to Hedren instead of mechanical ones for the shooting of a scene, which ultimately required her to be hospitalized.

到目前為止，他執導過程中最慘的女演員是蒂比·海德莉，當時在拍攝1963《羣鳥》，海德莉和他之前的女主角一樣，金髮碧眼，讓希區柯克迷戀，但在海德莉拒絕他的求愛之後，他在某個場景裏用真鳥去接觸海德莉，導致她受傷住院。

Donald Spoto's book Spellbound by Beauty outlined some of the abuse behind the scenes: Hitchcock requested Hedren to be sexually available to him in their contract and practically ruined her career by turning down numerous film roles on her behalf as per the contract's terms. Regardless, the release of the book and its 2012 HBO adaptation The Girl has at last revealed Hedren's story.

唐納德·斯伯特在著作《迷魂美人》中概述了幕後希區柯克對海德莉的虐待：希區柯克在合同中要求海德莉滿足他的性需求，合同中還有一些不合理的條款，他利用這些條款替海德莉拒絕了許多電影角色，幾乎毀了她的事業。這本書的出版，及2012年HBO據此改編的電影《那個女孩》最終揭示了海德莉的故事。

a Kurosawa

3.黑澤明

Akira Kurosawa is likely most known for his international success with films like Seven Samurai and Yojimbo as well as being one of the best filmmakers in the world. His trademarks seem to be in distinct imagery (like in 1990's Dreams) and the extremity with which he'll operate in every facet of his films.

黑澤明聞名世界主要是因為他的電影，比如《七武士》和《用心棒》，他是全世界最優秀的電影導演之一。他的標誌在於獨特的意象（如1990《夢》）和極限，這在他電影的每一個方面都有所體現。

It was this mentality that Kurosawa treated lead actor Toshiro Mifune with during the filming of 1961's Throne of Blood. Not satisfied with Mifune's reaction of fear upon nearly getting shot with arrows in one of the later scenes, Kurosawa decided to have real arrows shot at the actor.

這也是黑澤明對男主角三船敏郎的態度，在1961年《蜘蛛巢城》最後某個鏡頭的拍攝中，黑澤明不滿意敏郎對險中箭所表現的恐懼，就決定真的對演員放箭。

Although the arrows were being shot by professional marksmen, there was still the risk of injury if Mifune moved an inch, and the experience proved a haunting experience for the actor. However, it certainly got the display of fear across.

雖然箭是由專業射手射出的，但如果敏郎稍微動一下，就可能受傷，這對他來説真是段難忘的經歷，當然最後也達到了黑澤明所要的恐懼。

ley Kubrick

2.斯坦利·庫布裏克

This director's reputation as an absolute perfectionist and contributor to the art form precedes him. Stanley Kubrick would often film upwards of 50 takes for a particular scene to get the absolute best version and to allow actors to not consciously think about their acting. As one can imagine, this method proved strenuous on some people he worked with.

這位導演是一個絕對的完美主義者，為先於他的藝術形式作出了巨大貢獻。斯坦利·庫布裏克常常會為某個特定的場景拍50多條，以達到最好的效果，他讓演員不要有意識地思考自己的表演，可以想象這種方法讓那些與他共事的人感到有多費力。

The filming of 1980's The Shining was particularly tumultuous, with Kubrick pushing his actors to the limit with numerous methodical shoots. Shelley Duvall constantly butted heads with Kubrick and was emotionally exhausted from 12-hour shoots and being away from family for a year. Scatman Crothers also suffered under Kubrick, reportedly breaking down in front of the director crying and later vowing to never work with him again. Behind-the-scenes footage was recorded by Kubrick's 19-year-old daughter, and the extent to which the actors were worked is explicitly shown with Jack Nicholson's manic personality, daily script rewrites, and Duvall losing hair and chain-smoking from the stress.

1980年《閃靈》的拍攝就非常混亂，庫布裏克用大量井然的拍攝把他的演員逼到極限。舍利·杜瓦爾不斷與庫布裏克產生分歧，12小時無間斷的拍攝再加上整整一年沒回家，杜瓦爾筋疲力盡，幾近崩潰。斯卡曼·克羅瑟斯也遭受過庫布裏克的折磨，據説他崩潰到在導演面前大哭，併發誓再也不跟他合作。庫布裏克19歲的女兒記錄了這些幕後花絮，記錄下了演員工作所達到的程度，比如，傑克·尼科爾森的狂躁性格，每天修改的劇本，還有杜瓦爾因壓力太大而嚴重脱髮每天不停抽煙的樣子。

Kubrick's methods didn't always prove cruel or fruitless to his actors, however. Many saw the importance of his perfectionism and how it transformed them as actors. Many of his breaks on-set were devoted to talking to the actors about their characters.

但是對演員來説，庫布裏克的方法有時候並不是那麼殘忍，並且會創造出很好的效果。許多人都看到了他完美主義的重要性，這幫助他們得到改變，成為真正的演員。庫布裏克在片場的大多數休息時間都是在和演員討論他們的角色。

d O. Russell

1.大衞·歐·拉塞爾

Besides being known for several Academy Award nominations for films like 2010's The Fighter or 2013's American Hustle, David O. Russell is likely best-known for his poor temperament with some of his actors.

大衞·歐·拉塞爾的電影多次獲得奧斯卡獎提名比如2010年的《鬥士》和2013年的《美國騙局》，但是他的脾氣真的很臭。

Actor George Clooney and Russell notoriously didn't get along, having worked together on both ER and 1999's Three Kings. Their feud escalated into a physical confrontation on the set of the latter, when Clooney objected to Russell yelling at a crew member, telling him, "David, it's a big day. But you can't shove, push, or humiliate people who aren't allowed to defend themselves." Russell then instigated with several headbutts, after which Clooney grabbed him by the throat, resulting in a fight so bad that Clooney referred to it as the worst experience of his life.

大家都知道演員喬治·克魯尼和拉塞爾不和，他們曾合作過《急診室的故事》和1999年的《奪金三王》，後來他們還動手打了一架，當時克魯尼覺得拉塞爾不應該對工作人員大喊大叫，跟他説：“大衞，今天是個大日子，你不可以推搡或羞辱他們。”然後拉塞爾故意用頭撞了克魯尼幾下，克魯尼就掐住了他的喉嚨，然後兩人就打了起來，後來克魯尼説那是他一生中最糟糕的經歷。

Perhaps one of the more infamous examples of director-actor confrontations was in Russell's arguments on the set of 2004's I Heart Huckabees with actress Lily Tomlin. Videos of the heated confrontations were leaked onto YouTube and are shocking, to say the least, with actress and director hurling numerous obscenities at each other.

拉塞爾與女演員莉莉·湯普琳之間的故事可能更出名，當時他們在拍2004《我愛哈克比》，有人把他倆吵架的視頻發到了YouTube上，視頻裏他倆用各種污言穢語辱罵對方，引起了軒然大波。

Although Tomlin revealed she quickly made up with the director, new rumors, like Russell getting into heated arguments with Jennifer Lawrence while filming Joy, don't sound too hard to believe.

雖然後來湯普琳説他們很快就和好了，但是拉塞爾又被爆出在拍攝《奮鬥的喬伊》時與詹妮弗·勞倫斯吵架，吃瓜羣眾自然屢見不鮮了。