TED演講達人對演講者的7條經驗之談

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本文與《創業者》雜誌（Entrepreneur）合作。下文最初發表於。

You’d never know it, but Simon Sinek is naturally shy and doesn’t like speaking to crowds. At parties, he says he hides alone in the corner or doesn’t even show up in the first place. He prefers the latter. Yet, with some 22 million video views under his belt, the optimistic ethnographer also happens to be the third most-watched TED Talks presenter of all time.

你或許並不知道，西蒙•斯涅克天生靦腆，不喜歡在眾人面前講話。他説參加派對時自己總是獨自躲在角落裏，甚至不敢在這樣的場合出現。通常情況下，他乾脆就不去參加派對。如今，他的演講視頻已經獲得2,200萬次瀏覽量，這位樂觀的人種志學者，由此成為觀看次數排名第三的TED演講者。

Ironic for an introvert, isn’t it? Sinek’s unlikely success as both an inspirational speaker and a bestselling author isn’t just dumb luck. It’s also not being in the right place at the right time or knowing the right people. It’s the result of fears faced and erased, trial and error and tireless practice, on and off stage.

對於一位內向的人來説，這難道不具有諷刺意味嗎？然而，不論是作為一名勵志演講家還是暢銷書作者，斯涅克的成功並非全靠運氣。也不是來自他在正確的時間出現在正確的地點或者認識正確的人。他的成功源自他在台上台下無數次面對恐懼又戰勝恐懼，反覆試錯，不知疲倦的練習。

We caught up with Sinek to pick his brain about how he learned to give such confident, captivating and meaningful presentations and how others can, too. Here are his top seven secrets for delivering speeches that inspire, inform and entertain.

我們採訪了斯涅克，詢問了他如何學會發表自信的、有魅力的、有意義的演説，以及其他人應該怎麼做。以下是他給出的七條祕訣，這將幫助我們學會如何讓演講言之有物，動人心絃。

1. Don’t talk right away.

1. 不要一開場就滔滔不絕。

Sinek says you should never talk as you walk out on stage. “A lot of people start talking right away, and it’s out of nerves,” Sinek says. “That communicates a little bit of insecurity and fear.”

斯涅克表示，你不應該一走上台就開始説話。斯涅克説道：“許多人一上台便開始滔滔不絕，這往往是緊張所致。這種表現傳達給聽眾的是不安全感和恐懼。”

Instead, quietly walk out on stage. Then take a deep breath, find your place, wait a few seconds and begin. “I know it sounds long and tedious and it feels excruciatingly awkward when you do it,” Sinek says, “but it shows the audience you’re totally confident and in charge of the situation.”

相反，演講者應該靜靜地走上講台。然後深呼吸，找到自己的位置，等幾秒鐘之後再開始。斯涅克説道：“我知道這聽起來很長，而且有些乏味。這樣做時，你甚至會感覺到難以忍受的尷尬，但這卻可以向聽眾展示，你非常自信，完全掌控着局面。”

2. Show up to give, not to take.

2. 只為給予，不求索取。

Often people give presentations to sell products or ideas, to get people to follow them on social media, buy their books or even just to like them. Sinek calls these kinds of speakers “takers,” and he says audiences can see through these people right away. And, when they do, they disengage.

人們進行演示，通常是為了推銷產品或服務，讓人們在社交媒體上關注他們，買他們的書，或者單純想博得人們的好感。斯涅克將這類演講者稱為“索取型”，他表示，聽眾一眼就能看穿這些人的目的。而一旦他們明白了演講者的意圖，他們就失去了聆聽的興趣。

“We are highly social animals,” says Sinek. “Even at a distance on stage, we can tell if you’re a giver or a taker, and people are more likely to trust a giver — a speaker that gives them value, that teaches them something new, that inspires them — than a taker.”

斯涅克説道：“我們是高度社會性的物種。雖然在講台上與聽眾相隔一定距離，但人們還是能夠判斷出你是給予型還是索取型，相比索取型，人們更願意信任一名給予型演講者——他們能給聽眾帶來價值、能教會聽眾新東西、能啟發聽眾。”

3. Make eye contact with audience members one by one.

3.與聽眾逐個進行眼神接觸。

Scanning and panning is your worst enemy, says Sinek. “While it looks like you’re looking at everyone, it actually disconnects you from your audience.”

斯涅克説道，平移掃視是演講者最大的敵人。“雖然你看上去是在關注所有人，但實際上卻切斷了你與聽眾之間的聯繫。”

It’s much easier and effective, he says, if you directly look at specific audience members throughout your speech. If you can, give each person that you intently look at an entire sentence or thought, without breaking your gaze. When you finish a sentence, move on to another person and keep connecting with individual people until you’re done speaking.

他説道，在演講過程中直接看向特定的聽眾，會更加容易也更有效。如果可以的話，在説一整句話或一次思考的過程中，專心看着一個人。説完一句話之後，將目光轉移到另外一個人，繼續與每一位聽眾進行交流，直到演講結束。

“It’s like you’re having a conversation with your audience,” says Sinek. “You’re not speaking at them, you’re speaking with them.”

斯涅克説道：“就好像你在與聽眾對話。你不是在對他們發表演講，而是在與他們談話。”

This tactic not only creates a deeper connection with individuals but the entire audience can feel it.

這種策略不僅可以使演講者與聽眾個人之間產生更深的聯繫，而且可以讓所有聽眾都能感覺到這一點。

4. Speak unusually slowly.

4. 放慢講話速度。

When you get nervous, it’s not just your heart beat that quickens. You’re words also tend to speed up. Luckily Sinek says audiences are more patient and forgiving then we know.

當你緊張的時候，加快的不僅僅是你的心跳。你説話的速度也會加快。斯涅克表示，幸運的是，聽眾比我們想象的更有耐心，更善解人意。

“They want you to succeed up there, but the more you rush, the more you turn them off,” he says. “If you just go quiet for a moment and take a long, deep breath, they’ll wait for you. It’s kind of amazing.”

他説道：“他們希望你的演講成功，但你説話的速度越快，就會越讓人失望。如果你安靜一小會兒，深吸一口氣，他們會耐心等你開始。這真是令人驚訝。”

Sinek believes it’s impossible to speak too slowly on stage. “It’s incredible that you can stand on stage and speak so slowly that there are several seconds between each of your words and people… will… hang… on… your… every… word. It really works.”

斯涅克認為，演講時語速太慢是不可能的。“你站在講台上，以每個字間隔幾秒鐘的速度説話，而人們還會耐...心...等...你...説...完，這聽起來幾乎是不可能的。但事實就是這樣。”

5. Ignore the naysayers.

5. 忽視反對者。

Dismiss the people furrowing their brows, crossing their arms or shaking their heads “no.” Instead, focus only on your supporters — the people who are visibly engaged, enjoying your presentation and nodding “yes.” If you find the audience members who are positively interacting with you, you’ll be much more confident and relaxed than if you try to convince the naysayers.

對於那些皺着眉頭、交叉雙臂或搖頭否定的人，不要放在心上。只關注自己的支持者即可——那些明顯沉浸在演講當中，喜歡你的演講並且頻頻點頭肯定的人。相比努力説服反對者，如果你發現有聽眾與你產生了積極的互動，你會更加自信和放鬆。

6. Turn nervousness into excitement.

6. 化緊張為興奮。

Sinek learned this trick from watching the Olympics. A few years ago he noticed that reporters interviewing Olympic athletes before and after competing were all asking the same question. “Were you nervous?” And all of the athletes gave the same answer: “No, I was excited.” These competitors were taking the body’s signs of nervousness — clammy hands, pounding heart and tense nerves — and reinterpreting them as side effects of excitement and exhilaration.

斯涅克在看奧運會比賽的時候學會了這一點。幾年前，他注意到記者在比賽前後採訪奧運會選手的時候，問了同樣的問題。“你緊張嗎？”所有運動員都給出了同樣的答案：“不，我很興奮。”這些選手正在將緊張釋放的身體信號——潮濕的雙手、砰砰直跳的心臟和緊繃的神經——重新解讀成興奮和愉悦的副作用。

When you’re up on stage you will likely go through the same thing. That’s when Sinek says you should say to yourself out loud, “I’m not nervous, I’m excited!”

當你走上講台的時候，你可能會有同樣的經歷。此時，斯涅克認為，你應該大聲對自己説：“我不緊張，我很興奮！”

“When you do, it really has a miraculous impact in helping you change your attitude to what you’re about to do,” Sinek says.

斯涅克説道：“之後你會發現，這真的能產生不可思議的效果，它會幫助你改變心態。”

7. Say thank you when you’re done.

7. 結束時説聲謝謝。

Applause is a gift, and when you receive a gift, it’s only right to express how grateful you are for it. This is why Sinek always closes out his presentations with these two simple yet powerful words: thank you.

掌聲是聽眾給你的禮物，而在收到禮物時，你應該表達自己的感激之情。所以，斯涅克總是會以兩個雖然簡單但極其強大的字作為演講的結束語：謝謝。

“They gave you their time, and they’re giving you their applause.” Says Sinek. “That’s a gift, and you have to be grateful.”

斯涅克説道：“聽眾付出了時間，並且贈予你掌聲。這便是他們的禮物，你必須報以感激。”

For more helpful pointers from Sinek on how to wow an audience with a presentation, check out his free 30-minute class on Skillshare now. It’s titled How to Present: Share Ideas That Inspire Action.

如果想向斯涅克學習更多通過演講俘獲聽眾的技巧，請在技能分享網站Skillshare上觀看他的免費30分鐘課程《如何演講：分享能啟發行動的思想》(How to Present: Share Ideas That Inspire Action)。