託福口語Task1如何建立最佳結構

對於託福口語的備考來説，無論學生還是老師都會在口語教學、學習中為每道題探尋一套更新、更合理、更有實用價值的答案結構。那麼，下面小編就為大家推薦一下託福口語Task1如何建立最佳結構，希望能為大家的託福備考帶來幫助。

　　託福口語Task1如何建立最佳結構?點題需簡潔明確

Task 1作為整個口語部分的第一道題，其意義是十分重要的：Task 1給了我們適應口語部分考試氣氛、調整自我狀態的機會，如果Task 1答得好，對於我們作答口語部分之後題目的士氣和信心也是一個很大的鼓舞。Task 1的準備時間只有15秒鐘，這就要求我們一定要在答題之前對於自己“該怎麼説”要心裏有數，而這個“該怎麼説”無疑就來自我們在考前對答案結構的準備，那麼在45秒鐘的答題時間內，怎麼樣的結構才是最合理的呢? 想要充分展開答案，小編建議考生可以採取如下的結構：

點題：也即用一個詞/詞組回答題幹問題，這一部分的處理要簡練乾脆，防止因為設計了過於複雜的結構浪費太多時間，影響之後論辯的展開。

提出特點一：你選擇的事物最大的特點是什麼?這裏，我們應該選擇一個最易於展開的特點，根據不同的題目，最好能夠馬上提出進一步的論斷或者舉出例子。這一點是我們論證題目的最重點。

特點二：提出一個次要特點，這個特點可以用一句話來説完，比較好的選擇是描述性詞組或者排比句。注意，三個以上的並列結構才能夠稱作“排比”，排比結構能夠加強論證的氣勢，並且體現出語言的豐富性，這些描述性結構的積累需要我們在平時積累語彙庫方面多下功夫。

拔高+總結：作為結尾，我們可以引申或進一步敍述+觀點或想法。這點依然是因題而異，如果特點一展得比較開或者舉了例子，時間已經比較緊張了，我們甚至可以捨棄這點。

這樣總結下來，口語考試Task 1的結構是：

點題： 特點一 ，舉例或展開論斷，特點二

或者，在特點一展開不充分或者時間比較寬裕的情況下

點題 ：特點一 ， 特點二 ，拔高+總結

讓我們以一道官方真題Official裏出現過的題目作為例題來詳細講解一下這種結構的運用：

What is the Most efficient type of transportation in your country? Explain why you think it is efficient. Include specific reasons and examples. (官方真題Official 12)

首先來破題。我們可以看到，這道題目的題幹並不是十分難以理解，答案的重點也比較容易抓住。很顯然，在題乾的疑問句中，限定性的重要信息有三點：

Most efficient: 這一點要求我們在答案中必須突出對“最有效率”的解釋。題目的要求是specific reasons and examples，那麼這些reasons、examples一定是針對most efficient這個屬性而提出的;而這一點同時也暗示，在回答這道題的時候，我們應該尋找有普適性的屬性，而非出自個人經歷的論斷。

Type of transportation: 這説明答案是一道具體事物題，我們描述的主體必須是一種交通工具，而非其他;

In your country: 這一點提醒我們，在回答這個問題時，我們的答案需要符合實際，不能夠太過於天馬行空、想象力過剩。如果説中國最有效率的交通工具是宇宙飛船的話，那麼我們首先在組織語言上肯定會碰到論據不足的困難，其次，雖然説托福考試的評分並不會以考生觀點的對錯為標準，但這樣的答案從一開始就會給考官留下一個不會審題的不好印象。

根據上面給出的結構二，我們可以這樣考慮解題的思路：

點題：The most efficient type of transportation in my country is…

特點一：(Why?) 可以是例子、也可以是敍述

特點二：(Why else?) 三個形容詞，擴展或者不擴展

拔高+總結：(What does the future hold?) 展望+再確認

以下給出一個Sample Answer供大家參考：

The most efficient type of transportation in my country is the railway train. Firstly, in the month before the Spring Festival every year, the railway system mobilizes billions of home-coming people in all parts of the country, and its development is very fast. And also, for most Chinese people, taking a train is cheaper, safer and more convenient, it has always been their first choice when traveling. Now that China’s building Rapid Railway tracks all around the country, the speed of trains would be increased by hundreds of kilometers per hour, which makes train traveling even more efficient.

　學會託福口語連貫性表達的6大法則助你的托福考試得高分

在託福口語的評分過程中，表達的連貫性也是不可或缺的一個重要部分，現在為大家整理了六條原則，讓大家在新託福的口語考試中能夠連貫的説出自己的答案。

1. 運用總分總的結構

Your listeners will understand your talk better if you organize what you say in a logical sequence or linear pattern. This means that you tell the listeners what you are going to talk about and then go through the points you want to make. The most common pattern of organization is outlined below:

Introductory statement

Point 1

Point 2

Point 3

Concluding statement

An example of this pattern is shown below:

Breeding butterflies has many advantages for the collector.

1. way of obtaining specimens

2. spares can be released into the wild

3. helps survival because butterflies have been protected from natural predators

The experience is a learning experience for the collector and a benefit to the species.

2. 運用連接詞

Connecting ideas by using transition words and phrases tells your listeners the relationship of one idea to the next. You can signal to your listener that you are going to put events in a sequence, add information, or make a comparison. You can signal that you want to emphasize or clarify a point. Using transition words and phrases helps your listener follow the flow of your ideas. Read the following example without transitional expressions:

In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarify scientific principles. I understood those principles better by doing those experiments.

These sentences would flow better if the speaker used transitional expressions as in the following example:

In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarify scientific principles. As a result, I understood those principles better.

3. 解釋或定義陌生概念

In order to help your listeners understand, you may need to define a term that you use in your response. Read the following example:

My hobby is telemark skiing.

If the speaker does not define the term and listeners do not know what telemark skiing is, they might not understand the rest of the passage. Sometimes listeners can guess the meaning through the context of the passage, but sometimes they cannot. Here is the definition this speaker gave of telemark skiing:

That means skiing using telemark skis.

Even though the speaker defined telemark skiing, listeners still may not understand what it means because the speaker defined the term with the same word. To effectively define a word, use a three-part definition:

1. State the word or phrase to be defined.

2. Give the category that the word or phrase fits into.

3. Tell how the word is different from other words that fit the same category.

Read this example of an effective definition:

Telemark is a type of alpine skiing in which the boots are connected to the skis only at the toes, so traditional skiing techniques have to be modified.

4. 正確使用平行結構

Your listener can understand the flow of your ideas better if you use parallel structures when you speak. Read the following incorrect example:

My teacher gave interesting assignments and motivating the students.

The listener may be confused because the speaker has mixed different grammatical structures. Does the speaker mean My teacher gave interesting and motivating assignments to the students'? In this sentence, interesting and motivating are parallel adjectives. Or does the speaker mean My teacher gave interesting assignments and motivated the students? In this sentence, gave and motivated are parallel verbs.

5. 對關鍵詞進行替換或同義轉換

When a speaker keeps repeating a word or phrase, listeners can get confused. Read the following example:

My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. The assignment was on the chalkboard until the teacher erased the assignment after we had all done the assignment.

This speaker's ideas would be clearer if the repeated words were replaced with other expressions or with pronouns. Look at the way this example can be improved:

My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. She erased the board after we had all completed the task.

The word assignment has been replaced with task; the word teacher with she; and the word chalkboard with board.

6. 時態、人稱和數量的統一

Your listener can get confused if you are not consistent. Look at the following example:

My teacher brought five paper bags to school one day. He put us into groups and gave each group a bag. You have to take the objects out of the bags in turn and then a person has to tell a story involving the object from the bag.

The listener may get confused by the change from the past tense to the present tense, and the change from us to you and then to a person. The listener might also be confused by the change from the plural form objects and bags to the singular forms object and bag.

The listener could follow this speaker's ideas better if the speaker were consistent. Look at the way this example can be improved:

One day my teacher put us into five different groups. He gave each group a bag and told us to take turns pulling out an object and telling the other members of the group a story involving that object.