英語作文段落寫作的有效方法
《英語課程標準》寫作八級要求規定，學生掌握的詞彙量應達到3300個左右，分值由25分提高到30分，字數由100個單詞左右增加到120—150個單詞，增加了寫作題的開放性，從而更能考查考生的語言輸出能力、語言應用能力和實際英語水平，同時體現了重視學生的個性發展和學生思維的多樣性與開放性的理念。作文的評分標準也強調了對謀篇佈局，遣詞造句，情感表達和語言審美的要求
以下介紹幾種段落寫作的技巧
1.比較與對照的基本定義
比較(comparison)主要是指出兩個或兩個以上不同種類的共同點或相似點(similarities)，如人物、事物、地點、思想、觀點等。對照(contrast)主要是指它們的不同點(difference)。在大學英語中，比較和對照法往往同時使用。寫作時，首先應考慮要比較和對照的兩個或兩個以上的事物， 然後列一個表，發現這些事物的最主要特徵，相同的或類似的特徵可以比較，不同的特徵可以組成對照。例如：
例tuality is the main constituent of good son，who is always in time for his appointment，shows real considerationfor the other hand，a person who is always lateshows his selfishness and thoughtlessness and he is not worthy tobe friend with.(本段對守時(in time)與不能守時(late)的兩種不同的人進行了對照， 用表示對照的連接詞“On the otherhand”進行了很好的連接。)。
例tings and photographs have something in there are also some differences between them.(這段很好地展示出本文將用比較與對照的方法進行寫作。)
Paintings and photographs are visual art both cancapture a specific moment for all time.A painting reflects the skilland talent of a painter，likewise the quality of a photograph canrepresent the skill and talent of a photographer.(本段對paintingsand photographs兩個不同的種類進行了分析， 用連接詞(both)進行了很好的連接，用連接詞(likewise)用同樣的方式對它們的相同點(the skill and talent)進行了比較)。
Photographs are created by using film，a camera，and contrast，paintings are created with paint，brushes，ographs，like paintings，are often framed and displayedon walls in homes and can vary in ver，photographs are usually small enough to keep in albumswhere they document family events. ( 本段比較和對照法同時使用)。In conclusion，although paintings and photographs are similarin some ways，there are also some differences between them.(本段對本文的比較與對照進行了小結)。
2.比較與對照的兩種基本寫作方法
2.1整體對比法(one-side-at-a-time method)
整體對比法：既先描述甲，再描述乙(A1，A2，A3，...B1，B2，B3，...)例 如大學英語作文“Where to live———In the City or inthe Countryside” 第一段可描述幾點城市生活(A1，A2，A3，...)，第二段可描述幾點農村生活(B1，B2，B3，...)，用整體對比法寫作。
例 people appreciate the conveniences of the city.
(A) city has better transportation service and health dwellers can easily enjoy themselves in restaurants，departmentstores and concert are well-informed about what is goingon at home and abroad，and have the access to better education，better jobs and more opportunities for business. (A1，A2，A3，...)But country life is also attractive. (B)try people are inclose contact with breathe fresh air and listen to thesong of the make friends with crops and trees，cows they enjoy the peace and calm of the pastoral environment.(B1，B2，B3，...)
However，both the city and the country have their own city，despite all its good points，may be a place toocrowded for people to live urban citizens are often underpressure，worrying over such problems as pollution，crime and unemployment.(A1，A2，...) for rural inhabitants，they are freefrom becoming layoffs all right，yet they may find life far from thecity less convenient，and sometimes not as colorful or full of vigor.
(B1，B2，...)
2.2逐項對比法(point-by-point method)逐項對比法： 既雙方同時描述， 逐點進行比較(A1，B1;A2，B2;A3，B3...)
例ng a bicycle has a lot of advantages over driving t，it is a physical exercise to ride a bicycle. (A1) contrast，sitting in the car，one tends to gain weight.(B1)des，it ismuch more economical to ride a bike than drive a the otherhand，the only fee a bike-rider has to pay is the annual ver，the annual fees for a car are costly. (A2，B2) the otherhand，a bike needn’t be equipped with a parking lot，but a carmust.(A3，B3) important of all，it is beneficial to the environmentto ride a bicycle because the bike doesn’t consume petrol;itis a pollution -free contrast，the exhaust released bythe car is harmful to the environment.(A4，B4).
3.常用於比較與對照寫作方法的過渡連接語
要寫好大學英語作文，使作文連貫、流暢，有條理，邏輯性強，靈活運用過渡連接詞至關重要。如無連接詞，作文實質上是一堆簡單句的拼湊，讀起來也枯燥無味。另外，過渡詞也是信息詞，能較好地表明作者想比較或對照的意圖。
