考研英語閱讀理解模擬訓練（九）

Since 1975 advocates of humane treatment of Animals have broadened their goals to oppose the use of animals for fur，leather，wool and food.They have moaned protests against all forms of hunting and the trapping of animals in the wild.And they have joined environmentalists in urging protection of natural habitats from commercial or residential development.The occasion for these added emphases was the publication in 1975 of Animal Liberation：A New Ethics for Our Treatment ofAnimals by Peter Singer，formerly a professor ofphUosophy at Oxford University in England.This book gave a new impetus to the animal rights movement.

The post 1 975 animal rights activists are far more vocal than theirpredecessors，and the organizations to which they belong are generally more radical.Many new organizations are formed.The tactics of the activists are designed to catch the attention of the public.Since the mid 1 980s there have been frequent newsreports about animal rights organizations picketing stores that sell furs，harassing hunters in the wild，or breaking into laboratories to free animals.Some of the more extreme organizations advocate the use of assault，armed terrorism，and death threats to make their point.Aside from making isolated attacks on people who wear fur coats or trying to prevent hunters from killing animals，most of the organizations have directed their tactics at institutions.

The results of the protests and other tactics have been mixed.Companies are reducing reliance on animal testing.Medical research has been somewhat curtailed by legal restrictions and the reluctance of younger workers to use animals in research.New tests have been developed to replace the use of animals.Some well—known designers have stopped using fur.

While the general public tends to agree that animals should be treated humanely，most people are unlikely to give up eating meat or wearing goods made from leather and wool. Giving up genuine fur has become less of a problem，since fibers used to makefake fur such as the Japanese invention Kanecaron can look almost identical to real fur.Some of the strongest opposition to the animal rights movement has come from hunters and their organizations.But animal rights activists have succeeded in marshaling public opinion to press for state restrictions on hunting in several parts of the nation.

1.1975 was an important year in the history of animal treatment because

[A]many people began to call for humane treatment of animals that year

[B]a new book was published that broadened the animal rights movement

[C]the environmentalists began to show interest in animal protection

[D]the trapping of animals began to go wild all through the world

2.Some animal rights organizations advocate the use of extreme means in order to

[A]wipe out cruel people

[B]stop using animals in the laboratory

[C]attack hunters in the wild

[D]catch full public attention

3.By saying“the results ofthe protests and other tactics have been mixed”(Line 1，Para.3)，the author means

[A]the protest and other tactics have produced desired effects

[B]the protest and other tactics almost amounted to nothing

[C]the protest and other tactics have some influence on the public

[D]the protest and other tactics have proved to be too radical

4.The word“marshaling”(Line 5，Para.4)probably means

[A]conducting

[B]popularizing

[C]changing

[D]outraging

5.It seems that the author ofthis article

[B]is in favor ofthe animal rights movement

[C]supports the use of violence in animal protection

[D]hatestheuse offakefurfor clothes

參考答案：

1.B 細節題。由題幹關鍵詞1975，animal treatment定位文章第一段，。其中提到：1975年《解放動物：我們對待動物的新倫理》一書的出版成爲動物保護運動發展過程中的一個重大事件(The occasion for these added emphases was the publication in 1975 of…)此書的出版大大推動了保 護動物權利運動。結合選項可知B正確。2.D 細節題。由題幹信息詞advocate和extreme mean定位文章第二段Some of the more extreme organizations advocate…to make theirpoint(有些更爲極端的組織提倡……來說服別人贊成他們的觀點)，而該句正是爲了印證上文提到的The tactics ofthe activists are designed to catch the attention ofthe public，即所有這些都是爲了引起公衆的關注，故正確答案爲D.

3.C 推斷題。由題幹內容定位文章第三段，從文中可知，公司正逐漸減少對動物試驗的依賴，利用動物進行醫學研究的行爲也受到了法律的約束，甚至一些時裝設計師也不再用毛皮製作時裝。由此可知，動物權利保護者的種種努力取得了一定的效果，故正確答案爲C.其餘選項A“取得了理想的效果”屬於過度推斷，B“幾乎毫無成效”在文中沒有依據，C“被證明過於激進”屬於過度推斷。 j

4.A 語義題。根據題幹定位文章最後一句“但動物權利激進主義者們已經成功地靠 ____ 公衆的意願來迫使國家對若干地區_的打獵實施限制”。由句意可先排除D“憤怒”。根據該段首句提到的“公衆開始認同應該人道地對待動物的觀點……”，可知公衆的觀點其實已經改變，也得到一定普及，由此可排除B“普及”和C“改變”，只能選A“引導”。

5. 態度題。作者沒有明確表明自己的態度，但文章結尾處提到But animal rights activists have succeeded in marshaling public opinion to…(但動物權利激進主義者們已經成功地靠引導公衆意願來迫使國家對若干地區的打獵實施限制。)，清楚地表明瞭作者持贊同態度。

核心詞彙

1.advocate n.提倡者

2.philosophy n.哲學

3.predecessor n.前輩

4.tactics n.策略

5.identical adj.同樣的

6.oppose vt.反對

7.impetus.促進

8.radicaladj.激進的

9.reliance n.依賴

10.publication .出版

11.vocaladj.有聲的

12.assault n.攻擊

13.fake adj.假的

翻譯

號召人道對待動物的倡導者們從1975年起將自己的目標擴大到反對利用動物來獲取毛皮、皮革、毛織品和食品的行爲。他們提出抗議，反對所有形式的野外打獵和誘捕動物的活動。他們還與環境保護論者一起推進對動物自然棲息地的保護，使之免受商業和住宅開發的侵害。1975年《解放動物：我們對待動物的新倫理》一書的出版成爲動物保護運動發展過程中的一個重大事件。該書由曾爲英國牛津大學哲學教授的彼得。辛格撰寫，它給予了動物權利運動新的推動力。

1975年以後的動物權利激進主義者們發出的呼聲要遠高於他們的前輩，而且他們所屬的組織通常也更爲激進。許多新組織成立了。激進主義者們採取的策略是引起公衆的注意。從20世紀80年代中期起，時常有有關動物權利組織在皮草商店外示威、騷擾野外打獵者或是闖入實驗室解救動物的新聞報道：還有些更加極端的組織提倡通過襲擊、武裝恐怖行動以及死亡威脅的方式來達到他們的目的。除了對身着皮草外套的人們進行單獨襲擊或試圖阻止打獵者們捕殺動物外，大多數組織的策略一直是針對公共機構的。

抗議和其他措施帶來了各種不同的結果。公司正在減少對動物試驗的依賴;由於法律的約束以及較爲年輕的工作人員不願在研究中使用動物，醫學研究也有所減少;代替使用動物的新試驗方式已經開發出來了;一些知名設計師也不再使用動物皮毛。

儘管大衆傾向於認同應該人道地對待動物，但大多數人還是不太可能放棄食肉或穿戴皮毛製品。放棄真正的毛皮已不再是什麼問題，因爲諸如日本人發明的KaIlecamn乏類鴯用‘於製造仿毛皮的纖維看起來和真正的毛皮幾乎別無二致。對動物權利運動最爲強烈的反對有一些來自於捕獵者及其組織。但動物權利激進主義者們已經成功地靠引導公衆意願來迫使國家對若干地區的打獵實施限制。