告別小農經濟? 中國向大企業集約化農業邁進

China is opening up its agriculture industry to corporate farming, a move that could have wide economic and political implications.

中國農業正向大企業農業邁進，此舉將產生廣泛的經濟和政治影響。

That decision may gradually phase out collective farming, which has long been one of the Communist Party's main political levers through a national network of provincial and county leaders.

這個決定將逐步淘汰集體農業，而集體農業是中國執政黨通過遍佈全國的省縣幹部網絡實現的主要政治槓桿之一。

China is hoping to entice foreign and private capital to invest in the tightly-controlled agricultural sector.

中國希望吸引外國和私人資本投資控制得很緊的農業板塊。

State media also notes the policy aims to promote and standardize the "transfer of the right to use farmland from rural residents to commercial entities."

官方媒體也指出，這項政策旨在促進和規範"農村居民耕地使用權流轉到商業實體"的行爲。

The plan comes after authorities announced earlier this year that they want to relocate 100 million farmers, about 12 percent of the rural population, into smaller cities.

中國政府今年年初宣佈將1億農民安置到小城市，他們約佔農業人口的12%。隨後就宣佈了這項計劃。

The farmland they leave behind could be bundled together into larger tracts that would be farmed by companies using more modern methods.

他們留下的耕地將被整合成大片土地，由農業企業利用更爲現代化的手段耕種。

Under Chinese law, farmers collectively own rural land. Individual farmers are allowed to use the land under a contract system that has been in place since the 1970s.

按照中國法律，農村土地歸農民集體所有。每個農民可以按照二十世紀七十年代頒行的承包制來使用土地。

But that system has left vast tracts of Chinese farmland unattended in recent years because of a high level of labor migration to fast-growing cities.

但是這項制度導致中國近年來農村土地大規模撂荒，因爲勞動力都流向了快速發展的城市。

In some cases, local collectives also have been abused by corrupt local officials who colluded with developers.

在一些地方，腐敗官員和開發者勾結，破壞了地方集體所有制。

The government is looking to change this system and use businesses to improve farm productivity.

政府正在尋找改革這個制度的方法，利用企業來提高農業產值。

China is known for its inefficient use of water and fertilizers, which is a problem that could be addressed by new technologies.

衆所周知，中國對水和肥料的使用廣泛但效率不高，而新技術可以解決這個問題。

"This is going to be a game changer with wide implications both for the economy and the political system," Erlend Ek, agriculture research manager for consulting firm, China Policy, told VOA.

齊納百思諮詢公司農業研究主任埃倫迪·埃克在接受"美國之聲"採訪時表示："這將對中國的經濟和政治制度產生非常廣泛的影響。"

"New opportunities are opening up because Chinese authorities are seeking partnerships with foreign companies in the field of agriculture technology."

"中國政府開放了新的機會，因爲他們在尋求農業技術方面的外國企業合作夥伴。"

But the shift could mark a stark break with the past. During the era of Communist Party chairman Mao Zedong, the party's influence grew out of its efforts to equally distribute land rights by creating co-operatives or collectives of farmers.

但是改變就意味着與過去徹底決裂。在毛澤東主席執政的時代，正是因爲在農民中間用集體所有的方式平分土地權利，中共才發展了強大的影響力。

This strategy waned over the years as China moved toward large-scale industrialization and rapid urbanization.

隨着中國邁向大規模工業化和快速城市化，這項策略慢慢失去了強大的影響力。

State media says that there is popular support for switching to corporate farming.

官方媒體稱，企業化農業得到了廣泛的支持。

"There have been a growing demand from rural residents for transferring farmland to others for management and production," the official Xinhua news agency said adding, "The new policy will lead to the formation of mechanisms that will make the transfer more standardized, while land owners' rights will be better protected."

"在管理和生產方面，農村居民把耕地轉讓給別人的需求越來越大。"新華新聞社補充說道："新政策將構建轉讓的規範機制，土地所有者的權益將得到更好地保護。"