報告稱中國未來每週新增一座燃煤電廠

China on Track to Add Coal Plants Despite Pledge for Curbs, Greenpeace Says

報告稱中國未來每週新增一座燃煤電廠

BEIJING — The Chinese government is trying to slow down the approval of new coal-fired power plants because of overcapacity, but projects already in the pipeline, as well as loopholes in policy, mean China is on track to add an average of one new coal-fired plant a week until 2020, according to a report released on Wednesday by Greenpeace East Asia.

北京——據綠色和平組織東亞分部週三公佈的一份報告稱，由於產能過剩，中國政府正在努力放緩新燃煤電廠的審批，但是已經批准的項目與政策中的漏洞，意味着中國在2020年到來前，仍在以平均每週一個的速度建設新的燃煤電廠。

The construction boom would result in about 400 gigawatts of excess capacity and would waste More than one trillion renminbi, or $150 billion, on building unneeded plants, the report said.

報告稱，這個建設熱潮將在不必要的燃煤電廠上浪費超過1萬億元人民幣的投資，並導致約400千兆瓦的過剩產能。

China now has 910 gigawatts of coal-fired capacity and is expected to retire 70 gigawatts of that. The new construction means the country would increase capacity at a time when additional coal-fired power is not needed, Greenpeace said.

中國目前的燃煤發電能力是910千兆瓦，其中有70千兆瓦的產能預計將被淘汰。綠色和平組織表示，新的建設項目意味着，在不需要更多燃煤電廠的時候，中國仍在增加產能。

As part of its broad climate change policy, China — the world’s biggest emitter of greenhouse gases — has promised that it would try to make 20 percent of its energy renewable by 2030. But given the planned growth in coal power capacity, some environmentalists question that goal.

中國是世界上最大的溫室氣體排放國，作爲其應對氣候變化的全面政策的一部分，中國已經承諾爭取在2030年前將能源組合中的20％變爲可再生能源。但考慮到計劃中的燃煤發電能力的增長，一些環保人士對這個目標的實現表示懷疑。

“China’s worsening coal overcapacity crisis is acting as a dead weight on the country’s ongoing energy transition,” said Lauri Myllyvirta, who wrote the report with Shen Xinyi.

“中國日益嚴重的燃煤電廠產能過剩的危機，是中國目前能源轉型的沉重負擔，”柳力(Lauri Myllyvirta)說，他與沈昕一一起撰寫了這份報告。

Representatives of China’s hydropower and wind power industries have complained of the glut of coal power plants. The addition of a large number of such plants would make it harder for companies specializing in non-fossil-fuel energy to be profitable because coal-fired plants can more easily secure contracts with the major state-owned electrical grid companies.

中國的水電、風電等行業的代表已經在抱怨燃煤電廠產能過剩的問題。燃煤電廠的大量增長將讓致力於非化石燃料的公司更難盈利，因爲燃煤電廠更容易從國有的電網公司獲得入網合同。

Mr. Myllyvirta and other Greenpeace researchers have been trying to calculate the amount of overcapacity of coal-fired power plants in China. Greenpeace East Asia released its first report on the topic in November, noting that 155 projects had received a permit in 2015, equal to 40 percent of operational coal power plants in the United States.

柳力及綠色和平組織的其他研究人員一直在試圖計算中國燃煤發電的過剩產能。綠色和平組織東亞分部在去年11月份首次發佈有關報告指出，共有155個燃煤電廠項目在2015年獲得了許可，相當於美國目前運營的燃煤電廠總數的40％。

In March, Greenpeace revised that number upward, saying 210 new or proposed plants, with a total capacity of 165 gigawatts, had received environmental permits last year. Greenpeace tracked China’s proposed capacity by examining provincial websites for permit approvals.

今年3月，綠色和平組織調高了這個數字，稱去年有210座新建或擬建燃煤電廠獲得了環境許可，總裝機容量達165千兆瓦。綠色和平組織通過在省政府的網站上查找許可證的審批信息，來跟蹤中國擬建的煤電產能。

There are already too many coal-fired power plants in China, as shown by a steady decline in the plants’ average operating hours since 2013, according to official statistics. China also used less coal in 2015 compared with 2014, and coal-producing companies across China have complained of a deepening slump in the industry.

據官方統計，中國目前已經擁有過多的燃煤電廠，而產能過剩表現在，自2013年以來，燃煤電廠平均運行的小時數在持續下降。中國2015年的煤炭使用量與2014年相比有所減少，中國各地的煤炭生產企業也在抱怨煤炭行業日益深化的衰退。

The boom in approval of coal-fired power plants began in early 2015, after the central government said provincial governments could approve projects.

燃煤電廠的審批熱潮始於2015年初，那之前，中央政府曾表示，省級政府可批准這類項目。

But the central government has tried to rein in the approvals, and it announced a policy in April to limit capacity and retire some plants. Under that policy, about 110 gigawatts of proposed capacity would be suspended and 70 gigawatts would be retired by 2020, according to the Greenpeace report on Wednesday.

但是，中央政府後來試圖嚴格控制審批，並在今年4月宣佈了一項限制產能和淘汰一些燃煤電廠的政策。綠色和平組織週三的報告稱，按照這一政策，大約110千兆瓦的擬建產能將暫停，現有產能中的70千兆瓦將在2020年前被淘汰。

But plants that would add 200 gigawatts are already under construction, and projects adding 165 gigawatts could get permits despite the new limits, Greenpeace said.

但是，綠色和平組織表示，已經開工的燃煤電廠將增添200千兆瓦的產能，儘管出臺了新的限制，仍有許多燃煤電廠有望拿到許可證，這些電廠將進一步增添165千兆瓦的產能。

Mr. Myllyvirta said that he and his colleagues estimated there would be 600 new coal-fired units, or boilers, at 290 plant sites.

柳力說，他和他的同事們估計，將有600個新的燃煤機組分佈在各地的290個燃煤電廠中。

Greenpeace said that northern and northwestern provinces and regions that are designated new “coal bases” have been trying to approve or build plants as quickly as possible. These include the provinces of Shanxi and Shaanxi and the region of Inner Mongolia, all of which have large coal reserves and whose economies depend on coal.

綠色和平組織說，北部和西北省份、以及那些被指定爲新“煤炭基地”的地區正在試圖儘快地批准或建設煤電項目。其中包括山西省、陝西省以及內蒙古，都是擁有巨大煤炭儲量、經濟依賴煤炭的地方。

The industrial burning of coal is the biggest source of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change. It is also the main contributor to the air pollution in many Chinese cities.

工業燃煤是二氧化碳的最大來源，二氧化碳是導致氣候變化的主要溫室氣體。燃煤也是中國許多城市空氣污染的主要原因。