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減貧成績卓著,巴西女總統獲連任

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RIO DE JANEIRO — Brazilian voters re-elected Dilma Rousseff as president on Sunday, endorsing a leftist leader who has achieved important gains in reducing poverty and keeping unemployment low over a centrist challenger who castigated her government over a simmering bribery scandal and a sluggish economy.

里約熱內盧——週日,巴西選民再次推選左派領導人迪爾瑪·羅塞夫(Dilma Rousseff)擔任總統,羅塞夫在減貧和降低失業率方面取得了重要成就。一位中間派挑戰者落敗,在競選期間,這名挑戰者就一樁不斷髮酵的賄賂醜聞以及乏力的經濟,向羅塞夫政府發起了強烈的抨擊。

Ms. Rousseff of the Workers Party took 51.4 percent of vote in the second and final round of elections, against 48.5 percent for Aécio Neves, a senator from the Social Democracy party and scion of a political family from the state of Minas Gerais, electoral officials said Sunday night with 98 percent of votes in the country counted.

在清點全國98%的選票後,選舉官員週日晚間宣佈,在第二輪也是最後一輪投票中,來自勞工黨(Workers Party)的羅塞夫獲得了51.4%的選票,米納斯吉拉斯州政治家庭出身的社會民主黨參議員阿埃西奧·內維斯(Aécio Neves)獲得了48.5%的選票。

While Ms. Rousseff won by a thin margin, the tumultuous race was marked by accusations of corruption, personal insults and heated debates, revealing climbing polarization in Brazil. Mr. Neves surged into the lead this month in opinion surveys, only to be eclipsed by Ms. Rousseff as the vote on Sunday approached.

儘管羅塞夫以微弱的優勢取勝,但是這場混亂的選戰中充斥着貪腐的指責、人身攻擊和激烈辯論,突顯了巴西日益加劇的分化。內維斯本月在民調中一度領先,但在週日投票到來之前被羅塞夫反超。

減貧成績卓著,巴西女總統獲連任

"People without much money have seen their lives improve during recent years," said Liane Lima, 62, a secretary in S?o Paulo who voted for Ms. Rousseff. "I think we should let Dilma finish what she started."

“沒什麼錢的人們,生活在最近幾年出現了改善,”羅塞夫的支持者莉蓮·利馬(Liane Lima)說。“我認爲我們應該讓迪爾馬把她想做的事情做完。”利馬今年62歲,在聖保羅做祕書工作。

Indeed, Ms. Rousseff's victory reflects broad changes in Brazilian society since the Workers Party rose to power 12 years ago with the election of her predecessor and mentor, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who chose Ms. Rousseff as his successor to run in the 2010 election and campaigned for her again this year.

的確,羅塞夫的勝利反映了自從勞工黨12年前執掌權力以來,巴西社會的廣泛改變。12年前上臺的巴西前總統路易斯·伊納西奧·盧拉·達席爾瓦(Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva)爲羅塞夫提供了很多幫助。他曾選擇羅塞夫接替自己參加2010年的競選,今年又爲她進行了助選。

Building on an economic stabilization project put in place by the Social Democrats in the 1990s, Ms. Rousseff and Mr. da Silva aggressively expanded social welfare programs, lifting millions of Brazilians out of poverty. Pointing to the popularity of the antipoverty spending, Mr. Neves, the challenger in the race, said he would not scale it back.

在上世紀90年代由社會民主黨實施的經濟穩定項目的基礎上,羅塞夫和達席爾瓦積極擴大社會福利項目,讓數百萬巴西人走出了貧困。挑戰者內維斯在競選中表示不會減少減貧方面的支出,這也說明了該項目深得人心。

But while Ms. Rousseff campaigned largely on her government's support for poor and working-class citizens, she faced fierce criticism over her economic policies, with Brazil struggling with slow growth throughout her first term and a recession this year. Brazil's financial markets gyrated wildly throughout the race, reflecting skepticism over her management of the economy.

儘管羅塞夫在競選中主要強調政府對窮人和工薪階級的支持,但是由於巴西經濟在她的第一任期內一直增長緩慢,今年還出現了衰退,羅塞夫在經濟政策方面,仍然受到了激烈的批評。在整個競選期間,巴西金融市場波動劇烈,反映了市場對她管理經濟的質疑。

Ms. Rousseff, 66, a former Marxist guerrilla who was imprisoned and tortured by Brazil's military dictatorship, rejected much of the criticism while emphasizing that she had no plans to shift away from policies involving greater state control over the economy. Still, she signaled openness to shaking up her cabinet, including replacing her unpopular finance minister, Guido Mantega.

現年66歲的羅塞夫曾是一名馬克思主義游擊隊員,遭到過巴西軍事獨裁政府的關押和拷問。她駁斥了大量指責,強調自己不打算轉變讓國家擴大對經濟的控制權的政策。然而,她也表示,對重組內閣持開放態度,包括替換不受歡迎的財政部長吉多·曼特加(Guido Mantega)。

In addition to facing turbulence in the markets, Ms. Rousseff will deal in her next four-year term with a sprawling scandal involving testimony of bribes and money laundering at Petrobras, the national oil company, which has eroded confidence in the Workers Party. A former high-ranking executive at Petrobras has testified that he channeled bribes to the party and its allies in Brasília.

除了面臨着金融市場上的波動,羅塞夫還將在下一屆四年任期內處理一場波及甚廣的醜聞。該醜聞涉及國有石油企業巴西國家石油公司(Petrobras)賄賂和洗錢的證言,醜聞削弱了民衆對勞工黨的信任。該公司的一名前高管作證稱,他將賄賂的資金輸送給了勞工黨及其在巴西利亞的盟友。

"I always voted for the Workers Party, since I was a teenager, but this government hasn't done anything different," said José Abel, 48, who runs a tourist agency in Brasília and voted for Mr. Neves largely out of concern over corruption in Ms. Rousseff's government. "They're just the same as other parties now."

“從十幾歲開始,我就一直給勞工黨投票,但這一屆政府沒有采取任何與衆不同的措施,”在巴西利亞經營着一家旅行社的若澤·阿貝爾(José Abel)說。“他們現在和其他政黨一模一樣。”48歲的阿貝爾把票投給了內維斯,在很大程度上是因爲擔心羅塞夫政府內部的腐敗。

Still, with the unemployment rate remaining near historical lows even during a recession, economic stability seemed to trump corruption as a major issue among voters. Many people who cast ballots on Sunday expressed concern that a change in government could erode welfare benefits which are now a fixture of society.

然而,即便處在衰退期間,巴西的失業率依然保持在接近歷史低位的水平。在這種情況下,經濟穩定似乎超出了腐敗,成了選民關注的主要問題。週日投票的許多人表示,擔心政府更迭可能會侵蝕福利。如今對社會來說,福利已經不可或缺。

"My life is stable thanks to Dilma's government," said Diogo Bernardo, 28, an installer of telephone lines in Rio de Janeiro who voted for Ms. Rousseff, referring to her informally by her first name, as is common in Brazil. "She's not great, but Aécio would have been worse since he cares less about the rights of working people. I voted for the lesser of two evils."

“多虧了迪爾瑪政府,我的生活比較穩定,”里約熱內盧28歲的電話線路安裝工人迪奧戈·貝爾納多(Diogo Bernardo)說。貝爾納多親切地用羅塞夫的名指代她,這在巴西很普遍。“她不算好,但如果是阿埃西奧就會更糟糕,因爲他不那麼關心勞動人民的權利。我是兩害相權取其輕。”