雙語科技百科(天文) 第6期:日食
Solar Eclipse
A long time ago, people noticed that the sun and the moon sometimes suddenly lost their le could not figure out the reason and feared that, once gone, the brightness would not return and would mean the end of the use of this, the ancient Chinese began to observe solar and lunar eclipses, recording the time and size of the eclipse, and searching for the causes of eclipses.
很久以前，人們注意到太陽和月亮有時會突然間喪失光芒。人們找不出原因，害怕太陽和月亮光芒一去不返，世界末日來臨。於是，中國古人開始觀察日月食，記錄日月食發生的時間、食分，探索產生日月食的原因。Solar eclipses, especially total solar e-clipses, are eye-catching celestial early as 3,000 years ago, the ancient Chinese people had made records on such astronomic phenomena. The earliest solar eclipse record that can be verified appears in The Classic of History (The Punitive Expedi-tion of Yin in Shang Shu) , about an eclipsetook place around 2043BC during the Xia Dynasty.
日食，尤其是日全食是最引人注目的天象之一。我國古人早在3000多年以前就對日食現象做了記載。最早的記載是《尚書·胤徵》，據考證，這次日食大概發生於夏代仲康元年。
Excavated bone and tortoise shell inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty recorded five solar eclipses that took place beiween the 14th and 12th centuries BC.
在出土的商代甲骨卜辭中，被認定的日食紀事有5次。這是發生在公元前14世紀至12世紀之間的日食紀事。In The Book of Son,gs , a solar eclipse was also was verified that the solar eclipse took place on September 6, 776BC.
《詩經》中也有日食紀事。據考證，這次日食發生在公元前776年9月6日。By the Han Dynasiy, records on solar eclipse were no longer limited to the time of an eclipse, but also covered the sun's position, the starting and ending times of eclipses, and the coverage size.
到了漢代，不僅有日食發生時間記錄，還有對日食時的太陽位置、起止時刻、食分等的記錄。Statistics show that during the Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-446BC) a-lone, there were 37 solar eclipse records, among which 33 have been proven to be reliable. By the time of Emperor Gtianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1644～1911) , the total number of records had reached 1000. This number represents theworld's most complete solar eclipse record, which is of great value to the astro-nomic research.
據統計，僅春秋時代（770BC一446BC）記載的日食就有37次，其中33次已經被證明是完全可靠的。從春秋時代起到清代( 1644~1911)乾隆年間爲止，我國記錄了大約有1000次左右，算得上是世界上最完整的日食記錄，對天文研究具有很大的價值。
