獻血前你要知道這些事

In the Las Vegas shooting on Sunday night, at least 58 people were killed, and more than 400 others were transported to hospitals. Early this morning, the Las Vegas Police Department tweeted about the need for local blood donors, reminding us that in the wake of this tragedy-as well as the devastation wrought by Hurricanes Maria, Irma, and Harvey-helping out can be as simple as rolling up a sleeve. Last summer, Health spoke with Justin Kreuter, MD, medical director of the Mayo Clinic Blood Donor Center in Rochester, Minnesota. Here's what he wants potential donors to know:

週日晚拉斯維加斯發生的槍擊事件造成至少58人罹難，400多人住院。今天清晨，拉斯維加斯警察局發佈推文，聲稱需要當地人獻血，並提醒我們在這場悲劇之後--以及颶風瑪麗、颶風歐瑪和颶風哈維帶來的破壞之後--只要捲起袖子，你就能幫助別人。去年夏天，《健康》雜誌與賈斯汀·克雷特醫學博士進行了交流，他還是明尼蘇達州羅徹斯特梅奧診所獻血中心的醫學主任。他希望試圖獻血的人知道這些事：

Eligibility is always changing

獻血資格總在變化

The Red Cross maintains an alphabetical list of eligibility criteria for potential donors-from acupuncture (thumbs up) to Zika (thumbs down)-and can give you the latest information on whether or not you're good to give.

紅十字會依舊按照字母順序列出潛在獻血者的資格標準--從鍼灸（點贊）到寨卡（反對）--同時給人們提供是否適合獻血的最新信息。

The FDA regulates donor blood just as aggressively as it regulates drugs

食品與藥品監管局像控制藥品一樣的積極控制獻血

"It takes a lot of money to do the infectious-disease testing that we do [on donor blood], and when we create blood products out of the donation, that's done to the same standards as any drug manufactured in this country. The FDA holds us to those same standards, so it's a very high level of quality and also resources that are invested," Dr. Kreuter explains. "These tests and high standards are what's keeping the blood supply safe, so that if my wife or one of my daughters needs a blood transfusion, I can feel assured that I can just sit at their bedside and hold their hand rather than worry about what that might result [in] for them later down the road."

"我們會對捐贈者的血液進行傳染病檢測，這需要花很多錢。當我們從捐贈的血液中製造血液製品時，必須與本國任何藥品製造的的標準一樣。食品與藥品監管局要求我們遵循相同的標準，所以質量很高，投入的資源也很多，"克雷特醫生解釋道。"這些測試和高標準保證了血液供應的安全，所以如果我的妻子或女兒需要輸血，我就可以坐在她們的身邊握住她們的手，心中十分放心，完全不必擔心輸血會對她們以後的人生帶來什麼不利影響。"

You'll get a mini-physical before you donate

獻血前，會進行體檢

The flip side of donor blood screening (which ensures that it's safe for the eventual recipient) is confirming the donor's health (which ensures that the blood draw won't have a negative effect on them). "We check blood pressure and pulse, we do a pinprick to check red blood cells to make sure they're safe-we don't want to make our donors iron deficient," Dr. Kreuter says. He makes no specific suggestions about what you eat and drink prior to donation; just be sure you have breakfast and lunch under your belt, and take it easy on caffeine.

供體血液篩查（確保最終接受者的安全）的另一面就是確認獻血者的健康（確保抽血不會對他們產生不利影響）。"我們會檢查血壓和脈搏，用針刺檢查紅細胞，以確保它們的安全--我們不希望獻血者缺乏鐵元素，"克雷特醫生說道。他沒有具體建議在獻血前該吃什麼、喝什麼，但一定要確保是吃過早飯或午飯的，而且要少喝咖啡。