美國疾控中心證實:美國青少年正在用電子煙吸大麻大綱

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are onto the fact that young people are using e-cigarettes to vape cannabis. Now, thanks to a new study, the CDC has a better sense for just how common it is.

疾病預防控制中心意識到了這一事實：青少年正在用電子煙吸大麻。現在，一項新的研究問世，疾控中心對這一現象的普遍性有了更爲清晰的認識。

The findings are from the 2016 National Youth Tobacco Survey of more than 20,000 middle school and high school students. More than 5,200 students reported having tried e-cigarettes, the study reports today in the journal JAMA Pediatrics. But the researchers were especially interested in what else kids were vaping with the device. About one out of every 11 students surveyed, or 9 percent, answered, "Yes, I have used an e-cigarette device with marijuana, THC [tetrahydrocannabinol] or hash oil, or THC wax."

基於2016年對2萬多名初中生和高中生展開的全國青少年菸草調查，研究員得出了這一調查結果。《美國醫學會雜誌兒科學》期刊刊登了這項研究，其中5200多名學生稱自己嘗試過電子煙。但研究人員對這些學生用電子煙吸其它東西一事尤爲感興趣。在接受調查的學生中，每11位學生中就有1位（或9%）回答說，"是的，我用電子煙設備吸過大麻、四氫大麻酚或大麻油或四氫大麻醇。"

If you apply those estimates across the US, that means more than 2 million young people might have tried vaping cannabis with an e-cigarette, the study says. And the percentage increases if you just look at the students who admitted to using e-cigarettes: about one third of those high schoolers reported having used e-cigarettes to vape some form of pot. For e-cigarette users in middle school, it was about a quarter.

研究表示，若將這一估算比例應用於全美，那就意味着200多萬名年輕人可能都曾用電子煙吸過大麻。如果只考慮那些承認自己抽過電子煙的學生，這一比例還會增加：約三分之一的高中生稱，他們曾用電子煙吸過大麻。對於抽電子煙的初中生而言，這一比例爲四分之一。

"The use of marijuana in these products is of particular concern because cannabis use among youth can adversely affect learning and memory and may impair later academic achievement and education," Katrina Trivers, CDC epidemiologist and lead author of the study, told The Verge in an email. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine agree, warning in a report last year that getting blazed can dull memory and learning at least over the next day or so, the report says.

"用這些產品吸食大麻一事值得引起大家的關注，因爲青少年時期吸食大麻會對學生的學習和記憶力帶來不利影響，或影響未來的學業成績和教育，"疾控中心的流行病學專家及本研究的首席作者卡特里娜·特拉弗斯在寫給The Verge網站的一封郵件中說道。美國國家科學院，工程院和醫學院同意這一觀點，並在去年的一份報告中警告稱：吸食大麻至少會使你在接下來的一天中記憶力變差、學習遲鈍，研究報道。

But there's still a lot to learn about the long-term risks - particularly of vaping cannabis products, says Gideon St. Helen, a clinical pharmacologist at the University of California, San Francisco who was not involved in the CDC survey. There are compounds in cannabis, for example, "that we have no idea what happens to them when heated in an e-cigarette," St. Helen says in an email to The Verge. There also tend to be higher levels of THC in cannabis extracts, hash oil, and waxes compared to the regular plant, he says: "For young, inexperienced users, acute cannabis intoxication is a concern."

但瞭解其長期風險仍任重道遠--尤其是吸食大麻產品的風險，加州大學舊金山分校的臨牀藥理學家Gideon St. Helen說道，他並未參與疾控中心開展的那項研究。比如說，大麻含有化合物，"而我們不知道這些化合物通過電子煙加熱會發生何種反應，"St. Helen在寫給The Verge的郵件中說道。大麻提取物含有的大麻油和四氫大麻醇水平比普通植物更高，他說道："對於年紀尚小的無經驗用戶而言，急性大麻中毒也是一個問題。"