睡前看手機對身體不好嗎?最新研究:影響不大範例

Data from more than 17,000 teenagers show little evidence of a relationship between screen time and well-being in adolescents.

從17000名青少年中收集的數據顯示，很少的證據表明屏幕使用時間和青少年的健康存在聯繫。

The study, published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, casts doubt on the widely accepted notion that spending time online, gaming, or watching TV, especially before bedtime, can damage young people's mental health.

該研究發表於心理學協會出版的《心理科學雜誌》，對我們普遍認同的上網、打遊戲、看電視，特別是睡前做這些事，會影響青少年的心理健康提出了質疑。

"Implementing best practice statistical and methodological techniques we found little evidence for substantial negative associations between digital-screen engagement and adolescent well-being," said Amy Orben, a Researcher at the Oxford Internet Institute (OII) and College Lecturer at the Queen's College, University of Oxford.

牛津大學互聯網研究所（OII）研究員，牛津女王學院講師Amy Orben說：“通過實踐最佳統計和方法技術，我們發現，很少的數據表明數字屏幕瀏覽率和青少年的健康呈負相關。”

"While psychological science can be a powerful tool for understanding the link between screen use and adolescent well-being, it still routinely fails to supply stakeholders and the public with high-quality, transparent, and objective investigations into growing concerns about digital technologies."

OII研究主任，本研究的合著者Andrew Przybylski教授說：“儘管心理科學是瞭解屏幕使用和青少年心理健康聯繫的有力工具，但常常不能向利益相關者和公衆提供高質量、透明、客觀的有關人們日益關心的數字科技的調查研究。”

"Analyzing three different datasets, which include improved measurements of screen time, we found little clear-cut evidence that screen time decreases adolescent well-being, even if the use of digital technology occurs directly before bedtime," said Professor Andrew Przybylski, Director of Research at the OII and coauthor on the study.

“分析三個不同的數據庫，更準確地測量屏幕使用時間，我們發現，很少證據清楚地表明屏幕使用降低了青少年的健康水平，即使是睡前使用屏幕的數據也未證明。”

The research found that adolescents' total screen time per day had little impact on their mental health, both on weekends and weekdays.

研究發現，無論是週中還是週末，一天屏幕總使用時間對青少年的心理健康影響不大。

It also found that the use of digital screens 2 hours, 1 hour, or 30 minutes before bedtime didn't have clear associations with decreases in adolescent well-being, even though this is often taken as a fact by media reports and public debates.

研究還發現，睡前觀看2小時，1小時，或30分鐘數字屏幕和青少年健康水平下降關係不大，儘管衆多媒體報道和公共爭論認爲兩者有關。

Unlike other studies, the Oxford research analyzed data from Ireland, the US, and the UK to support its conclusions. The researchers used a rigorous methodology to gather how much time an adolescent spends on screens per day, including both self-reported measures and time-use diaries.

與其它研究不同，牛津大學的研究分析了愛爾蘭、美國和英國的數據來支持自己的結論。研究人員運用嚴謹的方法來收集青少年每天的屏幕使用時間，包括自我報告法和時長日記。

This is important as many studies are based solely on self-reported digital technology use, even though recent work found only one third of participants give accurate accounts of how much time they spend online when asked after the fact.

這些方法十分重要，因爲許多研究僅基於自我報告數字科技的使用，但在近期研究中發現，僅有三分之一的參與者在回答問題時，給出了準確的上網時間。

The researchers were also able to create a comprehensive picture of teens' well-being, examining measures of psychosocial functioning, depression symptoms, self-esteem, and mood, with data provided by both young people and their caregivers.

根據年輕人和他們監護人提供的數據，研究人員可以描繪出青少年健康的全景圖，研究測量心理社會功能、抑鬱症狀、自尊和情緒的方法。

Additionally, the final of the three studies conducted was preregistered, meaning that the researchers publicly documented the analyses they would run before they analyzed the data. This prevents hypothesizing after the results are known, a challenge for controversial research topics.

除此之外，三項研究的最後一項已進行預先登記，意味着研究人員公開記錄了在進行數據分析之前進行的分析。這避免了在知曉結果之後進行假設，是對有爭議的研究話題的挑戰。

"Because technologies are embedded in our social and professional lives, research concerning digital-screen use and its effects on adolescent well-being is under increasing scrutiny," said Orben.

Orben說：“科技深深地鑲嵌在我們的社會和工作生活中，有關數字屏幕使用以及其對青少年健康影響的研究正越來越受關注。”

"To retain influence and trust, robust and transparent research practices will need to become the norm — not the exception. We hope our approach will set a new baseline for new research on the psychological study of technology," added Przybylski.

Przybylski 補充道：“爲了保持影響力和信任，有力透明的研究實踐應當成爲常態，而不是例外。希望我們的方法能爲技術心理學研究領域的新研究奠定基礎。”

The insights come days ahead of the anticipated release of the UK government's new White Paper on Online Harms, which is expected to set out plans for legislation governing social media companies.

這些見解比英國政府預期發佈的《新在線危害白皮書》早幾天出現。在白皮書裏，政府將制定管理社交媒體公司的立法計劃。

This new study builds on previous work by Orben and Przybylski that used novel and transparent statistical approaches to show that technology use has a minuscule influence on adolescent well-being.

這一新研究基於Orben和Przybylski先前的研究，運用新穎透明的統計學方法，證明技術運用對青少年健康影響極少。

The study used data from Ireland, the US, and the UK. In Ireland, it covered 5,363 young people tracked under the Growing Up in Ireland project. In the US, the data covered 709 subjects of a variety of ages compiled by the United States Panel Study of Income Dynamics. And in the UK, the dataset included responses from 11,884 adolescents and their caregivers surveyed as part of the Millennium Cohort Study.

本研究的數據來自於愛爾蘭、美國和英國。愛爾蘭數據來自“成長”項目追蹤的5363名年輕人；美國數據涵蓋了美國收入動態研究小組研究編制的709名不同年齡的參與者；英國數據包括來自11,884名青少年及其照顧者的迴應，是“千禧年隊列研究”的一部分。