職業性格測試 你瞭解幾分?

True or False: These Tests Can Tell if You Are Right for This Job

職業性格測試 你瞭解幾分？

An applicant's handshake may be crucial at a job interview. But a personality test can tell a company what's behind that handshake.

在求職面試中，應聘者在握手時的表現或許至關重要。不過，能讓企業瞭解到握手背後的真實情況的則是性格測試。

Companies as varied as electronics retailer HHGregg Inc., rental-car agency Avis Budget Group Inc. and Sprint Nextel Corp. all use personality tests to help assess job applicants for conscientiousness, extroversion or other traits that may be useful in forging a successful career偉or, alternatively, derail one.

電子產品零售商HHGregg、汽車租賃企業Avis Budget Group集團以及通信公司Sprint Nextel等各類企業都在採用性格測試來考察求職者的責任心、外向性格以及其他可能有助於造就成功職業生涯（亦或毀掉職業生涯）的性格特徵。

The questions are rarely straightforward, and neither are the answers. Psychology is involved, after all. Applicants may try to give answers they think the company wants to hear, and aren't likely to admit to character flaws or bad behavior. So there can be a great deal of opacity regarding what the questions are even measuring, psychologists say.

此類測試題極少直截了當，其答案也是如此，畢竟其中涉及到了心理學。應聘者可能會試圖給出他們認爲企業想聽到的回答，不大可能會承認自己的性格缺陷或不良行爲。許多心理學家認爲，其後果是此類測試題所測試到的東西還非常不明確。

Moreover, test makers say a single answer holds little meaning in its own right and must be weighed alongside a series of other responses. For the best predictive results, companies often find out what traits their high performers display, and then test for those characteristics.

此外，出題者也指出，單單一個回答本身並沒有什麼意義，必須把它與其他一系列回答放在一起考量。爲了實現最佳的預測結果，企業常常找出其表現優異的應聘者表現出了什麼性格特徵，然後對這些特徵進行測試。

Here is a sampling of personality-test questions, what psychologists and test designers say about what each question is really looking for, and how the range of possible responses could be interpreted.

下文介紹了一些性格測試的樣題、心理學家與試題設計者對各測試題實際要考察的是什麼、受試者的回答會如何被闡釋。

1. On television, I usually prefer watching an action movie than a program about art.

1. 看電視時，相比文藝節目，我一般更喜歡看動作片。

A) Often

A) 經常

B) ?

B) ?

C) Rarely

C) 很少

This question, from 16PF, the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, addresses an applicant's preference for logic versus feelings and intuition, says Ralph A. Mortensen, chief psychologist of the test's publisher, the Institute for Personality and Ability Testing. Someone opting for an action flick may be more fact-focused, an important trait for analytical jobs. Those who answer 'rarely' may have more creative personalities. If they choose the question mark on B, it doesn't tell you much: Perhaps they do both an equal amount or perhaps they simply aren't sure.

這道測試題取自16種個性因素問卷(Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire，簡稱“16PF”)，該測試題的發佈者、人格及能力測試研究所(Institute for Personality and Ability Testing)的首席心理學家拉爾夫?A.莫滕森(Ralph A. Mortensen)稱，該題考查的是答題者對邏輯及感覺與直覺的偏好。喜歡看動作片的人可能更注重事實，這是從事分析類工作的重要特質。那些回答爲“很少”的人可能更具有創造力。如果答題者選擇了B選項中的問號，其提供的信息量就不多，它可能表示答題者看動作片與文藝節目的時間相差無幾，又或者是他們對此不確定。

2. True or False: People often expect too much of me.

2. 是非題：“大家常常對我期望過高。”

This question, from the California Psychological Inventory, indicates a test taker's 'conceptual fluency,' or ability to understand complex concepts, says Rich Thompson, director of research at test publisher CPP Inc. Someone who answers 'True' is likely to be easily overwhelmed and may not believe in his or her own talent.

這道題選自加州心理調查表(California Psychological Inventory)，該測試題的發佈者CPP公司的研究主管裏奇·湯普森(Rich Thompson)稱，該題能夠表明答題者的“概念流利性”，即理解複雜概念的能力。回答爲“是”的答題者可能容易被壓力壓垮、不相信自己的才能。

3. True or False: I like parties and socials.

3. 是非題：“我喜歡參加派對和社交。”

A 'True' response would be a positive sign for the 'sociability' scale, indicating an outgoing personality. But it's a negative for 'independence.' It could mean 'you like being part of a crowd,' Dr. Thompson says. 'And if you like being part of a crowd, perhaps you follow the crowd.'

回答爲“是”可能表明你能在“社交能力”方面加分，表明你性格外向。但是，它會讓你在“獨立性”方面減分。湯普森博士稱，它可能表明“你喜歡成爲大衆的一份子，而如果你喜歡融入大衆的話，或許你就容易隨大流”。

4. Select one statement that reflects the viewpoint most like yours. Then, from the remaining choices, select the one statement that least reflects your viewpoint.

4. 從以下選項中選擇最能反映你觀點的一句話。然後從剩餘的選項中選出最不符合你觀點的一句話。

A. I don't necessarily need to define and control the agenda.

A.我不是非得規定和控制議程。

B. It's almost never necessary to hurt other people's feelings.

B.傷害他人的感情基本毫無必要。

C. I'm usually the first person to strike up a conversation with strangers.

C.我通常是最先與陌生人攀談的人。

D. I would never step over others in order to ensure my own success.

D.我絕不會踩着別人來保證自己獲得成功。

This question, from the Caliper Profile, measures someone's need to be controlling (A), as well as their sensitivity (B), gregariousness (C) and aggressiveness (D). The assessment, published by Caliper Corp., compares groupings of 23 personality traits. While some people may be deemed more sensitive than aggressive, based on their responses to this question, that doesn't mean they're pushovers. Other statements may reveal those same people are more aggressive than they are self-disciplined. 'It's all relative,' says Herb Greenberg, Caliper's founder and chief executive, and certain traits will be more important for certain jobs.

這道測試題選自Caliper Profile，它測試的是答題者的(A)控制慾、(B)情感敏感度、(C)合羣程度以及(D)強勢性格。由Caliper公司發佈的Caliper Profile評測對23種分組的性格特點進行了比較。根據答題者對這道題的回答，有些人可能會被認爲更加敏感而不夠強勢，但這並不代表他們就是軟弱之人。選擇其他選項可能表示這些人更加強勢而自我約束能力不強。Caliper公司的創始人兼首席執行長赫布·格林伯格(Herb Greenberg)指出，這都是相對的，而且某些特質在特定的工作崗位中更加重要。

5. True or false: I do many things better than almost everyone I know.

5. 是非題：“很多事情我都做得比我認識的幾乎每一個人都要好。”

Responding 'True' to this question from the Hogan Personality Inventory could indicate confidence or arrogance, while a 'False' response conveys humility or insecurity, says Jarrett Shalhoop, senior consultant at Hogan Assessment Systems.

這道題選自Hogan Assessment Systems公司的霍根性格調查表(Hogan Personality Inventory)，該公司的高級顧問賈瑞特·夏爾胡普(Jarrett Shalhoop)稱，對這道測試題回答“是”可能表明答題者自信或自大，而回答爲“否”傳達出的則是答題者的謙遜或不安全感。

6. True or false: I don't mind being told what to do.

6. 是非題：“我不介意別人告訴我要做什麼。”

Someone saying 'True' may follow directions well, or in the extreme may be incapable of independent action. A 'False' response suggests autonomy, or could indicate the respondent is difficult to manage, Dr. Shalhoop says.

夏爾胡普稱，回答爲“是”的人或許能夠很好地遵照指示，情況特別嚴重的人可能沒有能力獨自行動。回答爲“否”的人表明其獨立，但也有可能表明其人難以管理。

7. Answer the following on a five-point scale, whether it is more true or more false.

7. 下列情況更符合還是更不符合你的實際情況，依照五分製爲此評分。

'Is uneasy when receiving praise.'

“受到別人誇獎時總是覺得不安。”

This statement, from the WorkPlace Big Five Profile 4.0, measures humility and Pride, helpful in identifying confident, successful salespeople. Pride is important, but humility is valued more in academic or religious settings, says Pierce J. Howard, managing director of research and development at the Center for Applied Cognitive Studies, which created the profile. 'Spit and polish and charm are not going to do it for that sort of audience,' Dr. Howard says.

選自WorkPlace Big Five Profile 4.0的這道題測試的是謙遜或自豪的程度，有助於發掘自信成功的銷售人員。設計這份測試資料的應用認知研究中心(Center for Applied Cognitive Studies)的研發總經理皮爾斯dinaJ.霍華德(Pierce J. Howard)稱，自豪是一種重要的特質，但是謙遜在學術界或宗教界則更被看重。他說：“對於這方面的受衆來說，過分注重儀表和施展魅力不起作用。”