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初中英文句子成分劃分

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英語句子是英語學習的基礎,通過句子,強化語音語調,通過句子,鞏固詞彙的運用,通過句子,鞏固語法知識,通過句子,達到交際和運用的目的。下面是本站小編帶來的初中英文句子成分劃分,歡迎閱讀!

初中英文句子成分劃分
  初中英文句子成分劃分精選

一、句子成分精講

句子成分:主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語等。

主要成分:主語和謂語

1、主語

一個句子中需要加以說明或描述的對象。主語的位置:

The school is far from here. 名詞做主語

She goes to school by bike.

Eight is a lucky number.

The blind need More help. 代詞做主語 數詞做主語 名詞化的形容詞做主語

There is a pen on the desk. 名詞做主語

Predicting the future is interesting.

To be a doctor is my dream.

2、謂語

表示人或事物(主語)的動作和存在的狀態.

英語中由動詞be、動詞have和行爲動詞來充當謂語動詞 句子的時態和語態是通過謂語表現出來。

謂語動詞往往由一個或一個以上的構成。 分析句子的主語和謂語

Mr. Li teaches English.

He can play the piano.

My parents and I are having dinner.

3、表語

用來說明主語的身份、特徵、性質、狀態。

表語的位置

用在動詞be和系動詞的後面。

名詞、代詞、數詞、介詞短語、副詞等都可以和連繫動詞一起構成複合謂語。 Your pen is on the desk.

He got very angry.

My dream is to have a robot.

常見的系動詞 動名詞做主語 不定式短語做主語

1. be動詞

2. 與感覺有關的動詞 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等

3. 表示狀態變化的動詞,意爲“變得” “變成” 如 get, grow, turn等

上述兩類詞作連繫動詞時要用形容詞作表語,千萬不能用副詞。

4、賓語

是動作的對象或承受者。及物動詞:直接接賓語的謂語動詞.

不及物動詞:不能直接帶賓語的謂語動詞.

賓語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、從句構成.

I saw a plane in the sky just now.

I want three. 名詞做賓語 數詞做賓語

I like going shopping. 動名詞做賓語

We think predicting the future is hard.

5、賓語補足語(賓補) 賓語從句

有些及物動詞除了要有一個賓語之外, 還須加上一個補足語。如果沒有補足語(賓補), 有時候句子的意思就不完整。 充當賓補的有:

1. 形容詞作賓語補足語

The sun keeps us warm.

2. 介詞短語作賓語補足語:

I found her in the room.

3. 副詞作賓語補足語。

Please let him in.

4. 名詞作賓語補足語。

We made him monitor of the class.

5. 動詞不定式和分詞也能用作賓語補足語。

I asked him to come.

6、定語

定語修飾名詞或代詞(即在漢語裏的……的)

1. 形容詞作定語(一般放在被修飾語之前,修飾不定代詞時放在後面)

They have a clever son.

I have something important to tell you.

2. 名詞作定語:

Is it a color film?

名詞作定語一般用單數形式, 如:

school bus, ticket office, paper flowers

但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shop

man 和 woman修飾的名詞如果是複數,它們總以複數的形式作定語,如:

men drivers , women doctors

3. 代詞作定語:

This song is better than that one.

4. 數詞作定語:

There are only thirty students in our class.

帶有數字的複合形容詞.當複合形容詞用連字號連接時,其中的名詞要用單數形式.

a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy

5. 副詞作定語():

Do you know the young man over there?

6. 介詞短語作定語(放在被修飾詞之後):

The students in our class like swimming.

7、狀語

, .

1. 副詞作狀語:

The old man is walking slowly.

The boy is very clever.

2. 介詞短語作狀語: 表方式 表程度

I have lived in Shanghai for five years.

3. 不定式作狀語

I come here to see you.

4. 現在分詞作狀語 表時間 表目的

The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式

5. 狀語從句

We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

狀語的位置

1. 在一般情況下,用於句末。

We like our school very much.

2.爲了強調狀語,可以把它放在句首.

I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.

3. 表頻度的副詞通常用於句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,

用於行爲動詞前,be動詞、助動詞和情態動詞後

I usually get up early.

He is often late.

一些副詞, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似

sometimes, now可以位於句首,句中或句末

only 在句中的位置比較靈活, 但位置不同, 意義也不同.

The actor only sang a song.

Only the actor sang a song.

The actor sang only one song.

兩個或多個狀語同時修飾時的順序

1. 地點狀語在前, 時間狀語在後.

We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.

2. 較小單位的狀語在前,由小到大

Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.

3. 一個句子有幾個不同種類的副詞作狀語, 其順序大都是: 程度副詞,方式副詞, 地點副詞, 時間副詞

She sang very well at the meeting last night.

時間和地點狀語也可以位於句首, 表示強調或使上下文更爲連貫

Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.

動詞-ed形式作定語,表語,賓語補足語和狀語

一、動詞-ed形式作定語

過去分詞作定語往往與被修飾的詞靠得很緊,漸漸地成爲一個複合詞。這種分詞叫分詞形容詞(the Participle Adjective),實際上相當於一個單純的形容詞,除表示“完成”的動作之外,還表示“被動”的意義。如:

spoken English (英語口語);iced beer (冰凍啤酒);cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆條);

但要注意不及物動詞的過去分詞常表示“完成”的動作,而不表示“被動”意義。如: boiled water(開水); fallen leaves(落葉) ; the risen sun(升起的太陽)等。

(1)前置定語 單個的動詞-ed形式,一般放在被修飾的名詞的前面,作前置定語。 激動的人們衝進大樓。(=the people who were excited)

.虛度的時光,無法挽回。(=time which is lost)

(2)後置定語 ①少數單個動詞的-ed形式,如left等,只能作後置定語。

1. Everything used should be marked.所有用過的東西應該做好標記。

2. Among the invited were some ladies.被邀請的人中,有些是女士。

3. The books left are for my students.剩下的書是給我的學生的。

②動詞-ed形式短語作定語時,通常要放在被修飾的名詞的後面,在意思上相當於一個定語從句。及物動詞的過去分詞作定語用來表示被動,可改爲帶被動語態的定語從句;不及物動詞的過去分詞(僅限於單個過去分詞,且不能後置)則表示完成,可改爲帶有完成時態的定語從句。

1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什麼活動嗎? (=that has been planned for tonight)

2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success.這次會議有很多人出席,開得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people) 我們喝了一些開水後就繼續工作。 注意:這裏的過去分詞的邏輯主語應是被修飾的詞,改爲定語從句時關係代詞應與之一致。

二、動詞-ed形式作表語 過去分詞作表語並無“完成”或“被動”之意,而是表示主語的狀態或思想感情等。如: He looked worried after reading the letter.看完信後,他顯得很憂慮。

When we heard of it, we were deeply moved.當我們聽到這件事時,被深深地感動了。

He seemed quite delighted at the idea.聽到這個想法,他似乎很高興。

常見的作表語的過去分詞有:

amused(愉快的); broken(碎了的);closed(關閉的);astonished(吃驚的);crowded(擁擠的);experienced(有經驗的); delighted(高興的);lost(丟失的);gone(遺失的);disappointed(失望的);worried(擔憂的);interested(感興趣的) tired(疲勞的) pleased(高興的);satisfied(滿意的); surprised(吃驚的); married(已婚的); known(著名的) 等等

三、動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語

能用作賓語補足語的過去分詞一般都是及物動詞,表示被動意義或已完成意義,有時候兩者兼而有之。作賓語補足語的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓關係,即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。

She found the door broken in when she came back.她回來時發現有人破門而人。

My grandfather had his old house rebuilt.我爺爺找人重修了一下他的舊房子。

少數不及物動詞的過去分詞用作賓補時,強調動作完成後的狀態.

They found all the guests gone when they woke up.當他們醒來時,發現所有的客人都走了。

動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語的基本用法

動詞的-ed形式可以在“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語”句型中充當賓語補足語。在這一結構中,動詞-ed形式和它前面的賓語構成邏輯上的被動關係。如果這種句子改爲被動語態,原來的賓語補足語變成了主語補足語。

1. I must get my bike repaired.我必須請人修理自行車。(賓語補足語)

2. The girl was found beaten black and blue.人們發現那女孩被打得青一塊紫一塊。(主語補足語)

(1)動詞-ed形式可作表示感覺和心理狀態的動詞的賓語補足語,這類動詞包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。

We thought the game lost.我們認爲球賽輸了。

I have never heard him spoken ill of others.我從未聽過有人說他的壞話。

They considered the matter settled.他們認爲這問題解決了。

(2)動詞-ed形式可作使役動詞的賓語補足語,這類動詞包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。

I have my hair cut once a month.我每個月理一次髮。

He was trying to make himself understood.他正努力使別人聽懂自己。

“have+賓語+done”結構有三個含義:

①(請人)把某事做完。She had her house repaired.她請人把屋子修好了。

Where did you have your hair cut?你在哪兒理的發?

②遭遇某種意外情況。He had his hat blown away on his way home.在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。

She had her wallet stolen yesterday.昨天她的錢包被偷了。

③完成某事(自己也可能參與)。I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected.我把所有的拼寫錯誤都改正了。 He has had one thousand yuan saved this year.他今年已存了1000元。

(3)動詞-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等動詞的賓語補足語,這類動詞包括like,want, wish, expect, order等”這一類動詞的後面作賓語補足語。

He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting.他不喜歡在會議上討論這樣的問題。

The students wish the TV serial plays continued.學生們希望電視連續劇繼續播下去。

(4)過去分詞用在“with+賓語+賓補”這一結構中,過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關係。

The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.小偷被帶進來了,雙手被反綁在後面。

四,過去分詞作狀語

1.過去分詞作狀語表示被動或完成,但有些過去分詞(短語)因來源於系表結構,作狀語時不表動作而表狀態。這樣的過去分詞(短語)常見的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); absorbed in (全神貫注於); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厭煩)等。如: Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.因爲沉浸在思考之中,所以他沒聽到那個聲音。

2.過去分詞作狀語來源於狀語從句,在句中一般能作五種狀語,即時間、原因、條件、讓步和方式狀語。如: Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.因爲淋了一場大雨,所以他全身溼透了。

(Caught in a heavy rain相當於原因狀語從句Because he was caught in a heavy rain)

Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.如果種在肥沃的土壤裏,這些種子能長得很快。

(Grown in rich soil相當於條件狀語從句If these seeds are grown in rich soil)

注意:

①當從句的主語與主句的主語一致時,纔可以把從句的主語省略,且省略掉的主語與其邏輯謂語是被動關係或如第一段中所講的表示狀態。

②把狀語從句改爲過去分詞作狀語時有時還可保留連詞,構成“連詞+過去分詞”結構作狀語,即“while (when, once, until, if, though等連詞)+過去分詞”結構。如:

When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.當你做體格檢查時要保持鎮定。

Though beaten by the opposite team, the players didn’t lose heart.

儘管這些球員被對方球隊打敗了,但他們並沒有灰心。

  初中英文句子成分劃分練習

I.用所給詞的適當形式填空,並與A-D的漢語翻譯相匹配。

impress; pour; speak 1. Once ______, a word becomes a promise.

2. Once ______, water cannot be taken back again.

3. ______ by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time.

A.覆水難收 B.流連忘返 C.一言既出,駟馬難追

II.用所給詞的適當形式填空。

1. ______ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us.

2. ______ (give) time, he’ll make a first class tennis player.

3. ______ (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground.

III.將下列句子翻譯成英語。1.由於被媽媽所說的話所感動,我忍不住哭了起來。

2.如果給我們一個機會,我們將給大家一個非常好的表演。

3.當問到他出生在哪裏時,約翰說他是紐約人。

Key: I. 1. spoken; C 2. poured; A 3. Impressed; B

II. 1. Seen 2. Given 3. Looking III. 1. Moved by what my mother said, I couldn’t help crying.

2. Given a chance, we could give a good performance. 3. When asked where he was born, John said he was a New Yorker