初中的英語科普類文章
人的知識面應該是豐富多面的，今天小編爲大家準備了初中的英語科普類文章供大家學習。下面是本站小編帶來的，歡迎閱讀!
初中的英語科普類文章：誰來餵飽“中國胃”
導讀：中國號稱世界餐飲大國，但一直以來，說起快餐(fast food)，人們多數聯想到的都是麥當勞、肯德基等洋品牌。如今，“取經”西方多年之後，中式快餐終於發起反擊，洋快餐一統天下的局面將被徹底打破。
在過去20年間，上海的快餐市場曾一度被麥當勞、肯德基等外國餐飲公司所壟斷。至今仍有很多市民記得當年上海榮華烤雞在市場競爭中惜敗肯德基的情形。 Over the past two decades, foreign catering firms from McDonald`s to KFC have dominated the fast food market in Shanghai. Many local residents may still remember the Shanghai-based Ronghua Fried Chicken`s failure in competition with KFC.
不過，所有這些都正在改變--傳統美食開始大反擊了! However, all that is changing as traditional tastes are fighting back.
我國古代愛國詩人屈原(公元前340-278)曾說過，中華美食之美足以喚回逝者的靈魂。 The ancient patriotic Chinese poet Qu Yuan (340-278 BC) once wrote that Chinese cuisine was so delicious it could tempt a soul to return from the dead.
這種起死回生的魔力，對疲憊不堪的德國遊客Rudi Steinrock來說可能還無從體會，但他確實在上海火車站附近找到了一家中式快餐連鎖店，徹底安撫了自己飢腸轆轆的胃。 Weary German tourist Rudi Steinrock couldn`t absorb as magic the energy that Qu described, but he did find a Chinese fast food chain near Shanghai Railway Station that fully satisfied his hunger.
Steinrock說：“一份套餐中有羊肉、米飯、蔬菜還有湯。菜色深紅，散發着濃濃的香味，吃起來甜鹹適中。而且，這一餐下來還不到30元人民幣(約4.40美元)。” "It serves a set with lamb, rice, vegetables and soup. The dish is salty and sweet with the carmine color and great aroma. And it is no More than 30 yuan (US$4.40)," says Steinrock.
作爲一個有着令人引以爲傲的烹飪傳統和無窮美食的國家，不得不說很多中國人竟會追捧寥寥西餐菜單上漢堡、披薩、烤雞等異域風味這真是一件奇事。 Given the nation`s pride in its culinary traditions and the diversity of ingredients, it is surprising to find that many Chinese embraced the exotic taste of hamburgers, pizzas and fried chicken, on somewhat limited Western menus.
對此，白領周豔豔說：“選擇炸雞、漢堡並非因爲偏愛它們的味道，而是因爲它們快速的服務，你在市內的每個角落都能輕易找到其分店。事實上，我更喜歡中餐，因爲中餐菜色更多也更健康。” "Not for a preference for tastes, I choose Western fried chicken and hamburgers mainly for their swift service and they can be easily found in every corner of the city. In fact, I prefer the Chinese foods - more choices and healthier," says office worker Zhou Yanyan.
中國烹飪協會常務副會長楊柳表示，到2010年，預計快餐市場零售額將達到20000億人民幣，將有很大一部分消費者會選擇中餐而非西餐。 The fast food market is expected to reach 2 trillion yuan in value in 2010, and a larger number of consumers would prefer Chinese-style cuisine rather than Western food, according to Yang Liu, vice chairman of China Cuisine Association.
旁觀多年後，中國快餐業正在調整自己的戰略。他們從西方競爭者那裏學到了管理藝術和質量控制，現在正將其引入本地餐飲業。 After years of looking on from the sidelines, Chinese fast food chains are embracing a shift in strategy. They have learnt the art of management and quality control from their Western rivals and are now bringing them to local cuisine.
同時，爲爭取更多當地顧客，國際連鎖快餐集團也會根據本地口味調整自己的菜單。一些跨國食品公司巨頭，例如百勝集團，已推出了中國風味快餐。 International fast food chains are also tailoring their menus to local tastes to win more local customers. Some multinational food industry giants, such as Yum!, have introduced Chinese-style fast food.
今天，如果你要在上海趕時間的話，你可以吃到既健康又美味的中式快餐，例如：永和大王、真功夫或東方既白。它們的食品質量安全、價格合理，菜單還會根據季節變換而調整。同時，大多數中國快餐也提供外賣服務。 Today, if you are on a tight schedule in Shanghai, you can have healthy and tasty Chinese fast food, such as Yonghe King, Kung Fu Restaurant or East Dawning. They offer quality food at reasonable prices and often change their menus, adding seasonal treats. Most Chinese fast food chains also deliver.
真功夫 Kung Fu Restaurant
真功夫快餐成立於15年前，當時的創始人只有22歲。如今，它在上海的連鎖店已經超過15家，全國共有300多家。它的標誌是李小龍，頗具紀念意義。 The Kung Fu fast food chain was started 15 years ago by a 22-year-old Chinese man. Now there are about 15 outlets in Shanghai and over 300 around China. They feature a memorable company logo featuring Bruce Lee.
真功夫一份套餐約標價20元，包括一碗米飯，一碗湯，白灼蔬菜和一份肉食。 The set meals cost about 20 yuan, and include a rice bowl, soup, boiled vegetables and a meat dish.
東方既白 East Dawning
東方既白快餐成立於5年前，創始之時是中式快餐的試驗店。目前它已在上海開設了15家連鎖店。它與肯德基同屬百勝餐飲集團旗下，將肯德基的商業模式與中國菜相融合，讓顧客在舒適的餐廳環境內享用物美價廉的食物。 With about 15 stores in Shanghai, East Dawning began five years ago as a test for a new concept of Chinese fast food. It is playing on the same team as KFC, under Yum!`s banner. It is a fusion of the KFC business model with Chinese cuisine, offering cheap food in cheerful surroundings.
該店只提供快捷、易準備的中餐，並以傳統的中國飲料如豆漿、酸梅湯等代替軟飲。 Chinese food is served exclusively, but focuses on those more quickly and easily prepared dishes. Soft drinks are eschewed in favor of traditional Chinese drinks such as soy plum juice.
永和大王 Yonghe King
永和是臺灣省臺北市一個郊區的名字。幾十年前，當地有一家早餐店，那裏的鮮豆漿遠近聞名。1995年，一名臺灣投資者在上海開了第一家永和快餐店。如今，永和在上海的連鎖店已超過30家。 Yonghe is the name of a suburb of Taipei city in Taiwan, where several decades ago there appeared a breakfast shop specializing in fresh soybean milk. A chain by the same name was started in Shanghai in 1995 by Taiwanese investors. Now it has more than 30 restaurants in the city.
永和大王以其新鮮的豆製品而聞名，價位在5到8元不等。 Yonghe King is most famous for its freshly made soybean products, costing from 5 to 8 yuan.
註釋: catering 提供餐飲服務
fast food 快餐
fight back 從不利的位置反擊,反擊,抵抗
tempt 勸誘
carmine 洋紅色,深紅色
aroma 濃香,香氣
culinary 廚房的,烹調的
ingredient 配料
cuisine 烹飪
Kung Fu Restaurant 真功夫
East Dawning 東方既白
soybean 大豆,黃豆
初中的英語科普類文章：嫦娥一號衛星成功撞擊月球Chang'e-1 lands on Moon
官方消息稱，中國的月球探測器結束了長達16個月的使命，於週日成功“受控撞月”。
China's lunar probe ended its 16-month mission with a controlled crash onto the moon Sunday, officials said.
國防科技工業局昨日發佈消息稱，嫦娥一號衛星結束任務後，於北京時間週日16時13分成功撞月。
Chang'e I hit the moon surface at 4:13 pm Beijing time Sunday after completing its tasks, sources with the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense said.
15時36分，嫦娥一號衛星開始減速，控制組選擇在青島和喀什兩個測控站進行遠程控制。
Chang'e I began to reduce its speed at 3:36 pm with two observation and control stations in Qingdao and Kashgar controlling it remotely.
官方消息稱，該項任務不僅可以獲得落月經驗，還爲2012年發射月球車積累經驗。
The mission was to gather experience for a moon landing and launch of a lunar rover in 2012, sources with the administration said.
2017年，第三期工程中的月球車將登錄月球，並取回月球土壤、石頭樣本以供科學研究所用。
The third phase features another lunar rover, which will land on the moon and return to Earth with lunar soil and stone samples for scientific research, in 2017.
做爲國內首個行星探測器，嫦娥1號在太空工作1年後，於10月份結束任務。
The country's first planetary probe, Chang'e I completed its tasks in October after a year in space.
2007年10月24日，中國在西昌衛星發射中心用“長征三號甲”運載火箭將“嫦娥一號”衛星成功送入太空，累計飛行494天。
Chang'e I, which spent 494 days in space, was launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center atop a Long March 3-A carrier rocket on October 24, 2007.
2007年11月，“嫦娥一號”傳回中國首張月面圖像。
A full map of the lunar surface - China's first - was transmitted back in November 2007.
據悉，中國將於2010年或者2011年發射第二個月球探測器，嫦娥二號。
China will launch its second lunar probe, Chang'e II, in 2010 or 2011
初中的英語科普類文章：太空首次“車禍”美俄衛星相撞
據路透社報道，美方發言人聲週三稱，美國一顆私有的通訊衛星與俄羅斯發射的一顆軍用衛星相撞。據信，這顆俄羅斯衛星已經停止工作。
(Reuters) – A privately owned U.S. communications satellite collided with a defunct Russian military satellite, a U.S. military spokesman said on Wednesday.
美國戰略司令部的空軍上校拉斯-科迪裏克聲稱，相撞事故發生於本週二，地點位於俄羅斯北極北部地區上空，相撞衛星爲美國LLC銥星公司發射的一顆衛星與俄羅斯的一顆通訊衛星。
The crash, which took place on Tuesday above Russia's Arctic north, involved a spacecraft of Iridium Satellite LLC and a Russian communications satellite, said Air Force Colonel Les Kodlick of the U.S
他說：“我們相信這是人類歷史上首次發生衛星相撞事故。”
"We believe it's the first time that two satellites have collided in orbit," he said.
科迪裏克還說，“事故發生在距地球約485英里的海拔高度，衛星監控天氣、通訊和科學考察的高度。”
The crash occurred at roughly 485 miles, Kodlick said, an altitude used by satellites that monitor weather, relay communications and perform scientific observations.
科迪裏克表示：“對於許多衛星來說，這是一個非常重要的軌道”，並強調人們需要提高對宇宙事宜的瞭解。
"It's a very important orbit for a lot of satellites" and highlighted a need for improved awareness of events taking place in space, Kodlick said.
美國銥星公司的發言人Liz DeCastro聲稱，他們計劃在30天內發射一顆備用軌道衛星來替代這顆被撞的衛星。
Liz DeCastro, an Iridium spokeswoman said Iridium planned to move one of its in-orbit spare satellites into the constellation to replace the lost craft within 30 days.
DeCastro說他們從美國政府得到衛星相撞的消息，銥星公司與美國波音公司簽下了合約，由他們幫助其維護和運行衛星設備。
DeCastro said Iridium, which contracts with Boeing Co to maintain and operate its satellites, received information about the crash from the U.S. government.
DeCastro 還在陳述中強調：“此次事故不是因爲銥星公司、或者銥星通訊技術的失敗。”
"This event is not the result of a failure on the part of Iridium or its technology," DeCastro added in a statement.
哈佛大學史密森天體物理中心天文學家，太空計劃歷史學家喬納森-麥克道爾聲稱，發生相撞事故的美國銥星重1300磅(約合600公斤)，於1997年9月發射。
Iridium's craft, weighing about 1,300 pounds (600 kg), was launched in September 1997, said Jonathan McDowell, an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and space program histor
他還說，俄羅斯衛星是於1993年6月發射，其重量爲1800到1900磅(800至850公斤)，被稱爲“宇宙-2251”。據悉，這顆衛星在10年就停止工作了。
The Russian craft, with a mass of 1,800 to 1,900 pounds (800 to 850 kg) known as Cosmos 2251, was launched in June 1993 and probably stopped working five to 10 years ago, he said.
NASA(美國國家航空和航天管理局)休斯敦約翰遜空間中心站的軌道專家約翰遜-尼古拉斯說，他並不確定相撞事故產生了多少新的碎片。
Nicholas Johnson, an orbital expert at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, said it was uncertain how much new debris had been created by the crash.
他說：“這些殘骸需要一段時間完全擴散開，這樣我們才能做出精確的統計。”
"It takes a while for the debris to spread out and for us to get an accurate head count," he said.
據一位不願透露姓名的美國官員聲稱，並沒有任何跡象表明此次事件爲人爲事故。
There was no indication that the collision was intentional on the part of anyone, said a U.S. government source who asked not to be named.
