一詞：千萬不要洗雞！

contaminate [kən'tæmɪneɪt] 

v. 弄髒；污染

Slimy raw chicken collects who-knows-what in its goo during its journey into our kitchens. So it makes sense to give it a rinse before cooking, right? Wrong.

黏滑的生雞肉在被拿進我們廚房的時候沾滿了不知道是啥的粘稠物質。所以在烹飪前沖洗一下很合理，對吧？錯。

A new report from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and North Carolina State University backs what researchers have known for a while now - washing raw chicken meat increases your risk of food poisoning.

美國農業部與北卡羅萊納州立大學發表的一份新報告支持了研究人員早就知道的一個觀點：清洗生雞肉增加了食物中毒的風險。

Raw chicken is often contaminated by dangerous bacteria such as Salmonella, Campylobacter and Clostridium perfringens. Foodborne illnesses, like those caused by these pesky microbes, strike one in six Americans every year according to the CDC.

生雞肉經常被沙門氏菌、彎曲桿菌以及產氣莢膜梭菌等細菌所污染。據疾病控制中心報道，每年有六分之一的美國人會感染由這些討厭的微生物引起的食物源性疾病。

But giving raw chicken a rinse doesn't eliminate these pathogens - that's what cooking is for. Washing the chicken just allows these dangerous microorganisms to spread, potentially by hitching a watery ride through spray, sponge or utensil.

但沖洗生雞肉並不會消滅這些病原體，所以纔要烹飪。清洗雞肉只會讓這些危險的微生物通過水花、海綿或器皿進行擴散。

"Even when consumers think they are effectively cleaning after washing poultry, this study shows that bacteria can easily spread to other surfaces and foods," explained USDA Deputy Under Secretary for Food Safety Mindy Brashears.

“該研究表明，在清洗禽肉之後，即使消費者認爲他們有效地進行了清潔，細菌也能很容易地擴散到其他物體的表面和食物上，”美國農業部食品安全副局長明迪·布拉西爾斯解釋道。

Researchers recruited 300 participants to prepare a meal involving chicken thighs and salad, dividing them into two groups. One group was provided with email instructions on how to safely prepare chicken, including: not washing it, preparing raw meats on a different chopping board to other foods and effective hand washing techniques.

研究人員招募了300名參與者準備包括雞腿和沙拉的餐點，並把他們分成了兩組。一組爲他們提供了關於如何安全地準備雞肉的郵件指導，其中包括：不要清洗雞肉、在不同的案板上準備生肉和其他食物以及有效洗手的技巧。

But the control group was sent to work in the university's test kitchens without receiving this knowledge.

而對照組則被送到大學裏用測試用的雞肉準備餐點，而且也沒有爲他們提供相應的知識。

All participants had admitted to chicken washing in the past, citing habit, slime removal or because a family member does it, as some of their reasons why. Unbeknownst to them, the researchers spiked the chicken thighs with a harmless but trackable strain of E. coli.

所有的參與者都承認，以前會清洗雞肉，而他們的理由有：因爲習慣、爲了清除粘液或因爲家人是這樣做的。他們不知道的是，研究人員在雞腿中摻入了一種無害但卻可以追蹤的大腸桿菌。

The email advice proved effective when it came to chicken washing, with 93 percent of those who'd received the safety instructions not washing their chicken. But 61 percent of the control group did and this is what their sinks looked like even after they thought they'd cleaned them:

關於清洗雞肉，郵件的建議被證明是有效的，收到安全指導的人有93%沒有清洗雞肉。但61%的對照組清洗了雞肉，儘管他們以爲他們已經把洗碗槽清洗乾淨了，但這是他們的洗碗槽的樣子：

這個詞的構成是make+over，有“徹頭徹尾改頭換面”的意思。

She received a cosmetic makeover at a beauty salon as a birthday gift.

她收到了一份生日禮物，可以在美容院享受一次美容。

The biggest makeover has been in TV drama.

最大的變革發生在電視劇行業。