高一英語語法
高一的英語語法包含了簡單的5種基本句型，也是我們在英語寫作中時常會用到的句型。下面是本站小編給大家整理的高一英語語法的相關知識，供大家參閱!
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定義：構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。
(二)主語：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位於句首。但在there be結構、疑問句(當主語不是疑問詞時)和倒裝句中，主語位於謂語、助動詞或情態動詞後面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become mo re and more popular.(名詞) We often speak English in class.(代詞)
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(數詞)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Sm oking does harm to the health.(動名詞)
The ri ch should help the poor.(名詞化的形容詞)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主語從句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主語，真正的主語爲後面的不定式)
(三)謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特徵和狀態。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之後。謂語的構成如下：
1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如：He practices running every morning.
2、複合謂語：(1)由情態動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系動詞加表語構成。如：We are students.
(四)表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特徵和狀態，它一般位於系動詞(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之後。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.(名詞)
Is it yours?(代詞)
The weather has turned cold.(形容詞)
The speech is exciting.(分詞)
Three times seven is twenty one?(數詞)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(愛好)is playing football.(動名詞)
The machine must be out of order.(介詞短語)
Time is up. The class is over.(副詞)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表語從句)
(五)賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位於及物動詞和介詞後面。例如： They went to see an exhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代詞)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(數詞)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名詞化形容詞)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短語)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(動名詞短語)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(賓語從句)
賓語種類：(1)雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語)，例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.
(2)複合賓語(賓語+賓補)，例如：They elected him their monitor.[來源:學。科。網]
(六)賓語補足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型爲：某些及物動詞(如make等+賓語+賓補)。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。例如：
His father named him Dongming.(名詞)
They painted their boat white.(形容詞)
Let the fresh air in.(副詞)
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短語)
We saw her entering the room.(現在分詞)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介詞短語)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(從句)
(七)定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱爲定語。定語可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容詞)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分詞)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名詞)
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代詞)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短語)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(動名詞)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介詞短語)
(八)狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態特徵的句子成分，叫做狀語。可由以下形式表示：
Light travels most quickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介詞短語)
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短語) He is in the room making a model plane.(分詞短語)
Wait a minute.(名詞)
Once you begin, you must continue.(狀語從句)
狀語種類如下：
How about meeting again at six?(時間狀語)
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因狀語)
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(條件狀語)
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地點狀語)
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式狀語)
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴隨狀語)
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的狀語)
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(結果狀語)
She works very hard though she is old.(讓步狀語)
I am taller than he is.(比較狀語)
簡單句有五種基本句型，其它各種句子基本上皆由此五種句型縮略或擴展而成。
1、“主語+謂語” 句型，可簡稱爲主謂結構，謂語是不及物動詞。如：
(1)The sun is rising. 太陽正在冉冉升起。
(2)Now, the meeting begins.現在會議開始。
2、“主語+連繫動詞+表語“句型，如：
(1)He and I are pretty good swimmers. 他和我都游泳遊得不錯。
(2)The doctors seemed very capable. 這些大夫好像都很能幹。
3)“主語+謂語+賓語” 句型可簡稱爲主、謂、賓結構(SVO)，其謂語一般皆是及物動詞，其賓語多是直接賓語。如：
(1)Robbie didn’t deny the facts. 羅比不否認這些事實。
(2)She heard whisperings. 她聽到了一陣沙沙聲。
4)“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語” 句型可簡稱爲主謂賓賓結構(SVOO)，其謂語須是可有雙賓語的及物動詞，即所謂的與格動詞(dative verb)，兩個賓語多一是間接賓語，一是直接賓語。如：
(1)We gave the baby a bath. 我們給嬰孩洗了個澡。
(2)Judith paid me a visit. 朱迪思來看望了我。
5)“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補語” 句型可簡稱爲主、謂、賓、賓補結構(SVOC)，其謂語須是可有這種複合賓語的及物動詞，賓語補語與賓語一起構成複合賓語。如：
(1)I found this book easy. 我發現此書不難。(形容詞easy用作賓語補語)
(2)They held him hostage. 他們將他扣作人質。(名詞hostage用作賓語補語)
(3)He watched the maid come in. 他看着女傭人進來了。
(4)I heard him coming up the stairs slowly, as if he were carrying something heavy. 我聽見他慢慢上樓來，好像扛着什麼重的東西。
高一英語語法：定語從句一.幾個基本概念
1.定語從句的定義：用作定語的從句叫定語從句。
2.
3.定語從句的位置：緊跟先行詞(名詞或代詞)之後。
4.引導詞：引導定語從句的詞(包括關係代詞和關係副詞)。
﹙1﹚關係代詞：that/who/whom/which/as
﹙2﹚關係副詞：when/where/why
5.引導詞的位置：位於定語從句之前(先行詞之後)。【as除外】
6.引導詞的功能(作用)：
﹙1﹚連接先行詞和定語從句。
﹙2﹚在定語從句中充當一定的成分(關係代詞充當主語或賓語，關係副詞充當狀語)。
7.定語從句的類型：
﹙1﹚限定性定語從句(主句和定語從句之間無逗號)。
① 直接由引導詞引導定語從句
The man who you’re talking to is my friend.
② 由介詞+關係代詞(whom/which)引導
The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.
I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. ，該介詞通常可以放在關係代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.
=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.
The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
﹙2﹚非限定性定語從句()。
① 直接由引導詞引導定語從句。
② 由介詞+關係代詞(whom/which)引導。
I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.
There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples.
This is the man to whom I gave the book.
③ 由“代詞/名詞+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名詞/代詞”(先行詞指
人用whom,指物用which)引導。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等詞、數詞、分數或百分比與of whom或of which連用。
He has five children, two of whom are abroad.
(比較：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)
We have three books, none of which is/are interesting.
(比較：We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.)
除其餘引導詞都可以，用法同限定性定語從句一樣。但要注意以下區別。
1.在形式上非限定性定語從句與主句有逗號隔開。
2.非限定性定語從句的作用：它只是補充說明先行詞的情況，翻譯時可譯成兩個句子。
The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.
(那位工程師被很快送往醫院，其腿部受了重傷)
The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.
(那位腿部受了重傷的工程師被很快送往醫院)
3.只能用who, 做賓語時用whom;
指物做主語，賓語都用which; 關係副詞用when或where，也不能省略。
The man, ______ is sitting on the chair, is my father. The city, _______ is far away, is very beautiful. The woman, _______ I met yesterday, is my English He went to America, ______ his parents live. teacher. He joined the Army yesterday, ______ I left, too.
e引導非限定性定語從句：
The house, whose window faces south, is mine.
=The house, the window of which faces south, is mine.=The house, of which the window faces south, is mine.
高一英語語法：並列複合句並列複合句是由兩個或多個簡單句和一個或多個從句構成的句子。這種句子容量大，可以爲你提供更大的自由表達度。
並列複合句常用的連接詞由and, but, for, so, or, nor等並列連詞，如：
(1)They were happy and they deserved their happiness. 他們是幸福的，他們也該得到幸福。(並列連詞是and)
(2)The signal was given, and the steamer moved slowly from the dock.
信號發出了，輪船緩緩駛出碼頭。(並列連詞是and，前有逗號)
(3)Hurry or you won’t make the train. 趕快，不然你趕不上火車。(並列連詞是or)
(4)Honey is sweet, but the bee stings. 蜜是甜的，但蜜蜂卻會蜇人。(並列連詞是but) 兩個或兩個以上的簡單句的關係如不很緊密，並列連詞可引導單獨一個句子。如：
(5)You’re alive! And she’s dead. 你活着!而她卻死了。(並列連詞and引導單獨句子)
(6)I’m sorry to trouble you. But can you direct me to the nearest post office?
對不起打擾一下。你可以告訴我最近的郵局在哪兒嗎?(並列連詞but引導單獨句子) 並列句的分句亦可用連接副詞連接。如：
(7)I had a drink, then I went home. 我喝了杯酒，然後回到了家。(連接副詞是then)
(8)It rained, therefore the game was called off.
由於有雨，因而那場球賽取消了。(連接副詞是therefore)
(9)He was angry, nevertheless he listened to me. 他生氣了，但聽我的話。(連接副詞是nevertheless)
(10)I want to go to the party—however, I have no transport.
我想去參加聚會，但我沒有交通工具。(連接副詞是however)
(11)I have only an old car; still it is better than nothing.
我只有一輛舊車，但也比沒有好。(連接副詞是still)
(12)I am busy today, so can you come tomorrow? 我今日很忙，那你能明天來嗎?(連接副詞是so)
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