淺析雅思議論文的論證方法介紹
英語的文章和中國的文章是一樣的，不僅有議論文還有敘事的，所以在學習英語的過程中，不管是記事的還是議論的都是需要做好的，尤其是在面對雅思考試的時候，掌握議論文是非常重要的。今天我們就爲大家整理了雅思議論文的論證方法介紹，一起來了解一下吧。
淺析雅思議論文的論證方法：一方面，對於絕大多數考生而言，完成議論文正文的論證部分並不容易：他們的作文明顯表現出論證單薄﹑內容空洞等問題。另一方面，寫作的評分標準中有兩項針對考生論證實力的檢測，分別爲寫作任務的完成度和表達的連貫統一性。因此，如何全面掌握和正確使用各種論證方法是考生寫作備考中亟待解決的問題。本文中，專家將介紹一些雅思寫作議論文的主要論證方法以及考生應該如何使用這些方法。
一.對比論證
對比論證的方法，主要適用於考題中出現兩個對象比較的情況。從操作性上看，對比論證較爲方便。論證對比的角度，只需從考題中的兩個對象入手即可。
1. 常見表達方式
① 關聯詞
In contrast, by comparison, on the other hand, just as, similarly
② 句型
Compared with...,...
While/whereas...,...
③ 形容詞的比較級
在不同的考題中，如果出現兩個對象的比較，一般在對比論證中都會有一些形容詞的比較級出現。考生應根據不同的話題選擇不同的詞彙。
2. 範例評析
劍橋雅思考試全真試題8 Test 2
題目：Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
考官範文選段：
However, learning to understand and share the value system of a whole society cannot be achieved just in the home. Once a child goes to school, they are entering a wider community where teachers and peers will have just as much influence as their parents do at home. At school, children will experience working and living with people from whole variety of backgrounds for the wider society. This experience should teach them how to cooperate with each other and how to contribute to the life of their community.
點評：這道題的主題爲“孩子社會意識的教育與培養是靠家庭還是靠學校”。考官在論證學校的教育義務時，着重強調了：相比較家庭，“teachers and peers will have just as much influence as their parents do at home”。學校中的老師和同學對孩子社會意識的培養有相同的影響力。而且，在學校相比較在家，“experience working and living with people from whole variety of backgrounds for the wider society”。孩子接觸的世界更大，人的類型更多。正所謂，公正合理兩方面，對比論證出真知。
二.引用論證
引用論證，是最爲考驗考生知識儲備的一種論證方法。引用論證，一般引用名人名言﹑權威數據，研究成果﹑學術刊物，它能夠增加論證的可信度和權威性。
但是，這種論證方法最容易被考生誤用或濫用，很多考生沒有知識儲備就自己捏造一些名言或數據。最誇張的是有時所謂“名言”卻出現語法錯誤，所謂“權威數據”卻不合情理甚至荒謬。
因此，建議考生們在備考時適當準備幾句名言警句，如果能在考試中用上最好，如果不能那就使用前面介紹的幾種論證方法。但是，對於知識面較廣，語言水平較高的考生，完全可以使用引用論證，這樣不僅能增強論證的權威感也能展現自己的優勢。
1. 常見表達方式
According to a recent study, according to a recent article published in ..., according to a recent survey conducted by...
A recent study/survey found that...
A recent opinion poll revealed that ...
2. 範例評析
劍橋雅思考試全真試題5 Test4
題目: Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life. Which do you consider to be the major influence?
考官範文選段：
Today the way we consider human psychology and mental development is heavily influenced by the genetic sciences. Research, relating to identical twins, has highlighted how significant inherited characteristics can be for an individual's life.
點評：這道題的主題是“先天還是後天決定人的性格和發展”，考官的這段論證主要是證明先天的影響更大些，引用了一個有關雙胞胎的研究。對研究發現的引用使得第一句的論點沒有那麼蒼白無力。但是，通過翻看劍橋系列叢書，不難發現引用論證在考官的範文中的使用可以用“基本罕見”來形容。正所謂，引用論證用得少，粗製濫造沒必要。
三.總結論證
實際上，總結論證是解決論證過程中“無話可說”的應急策略。它的位置一定是放在正文段的最後一句，總結整個段落的內容。雖然這種方法有一定作用，但並不建議考生多用，一篇文章用一次就足以了，用多了就會產生湊字數的嫌疑。
1. 常見表達方式
It can be concluded that ...
It is little wondering that...
There is no exaggeration that ...
It is logical to conclude that ...
It is no exaggeration to say that ...
2. 範例評析
劍橋雅思考試全真試題6 Test B
題目: Using a computer every day can have more negative than positive effects on young children. Do you agree or disagree?
考官範文選段:
In spite of this, the obvious benefits of computer skills for young children cannot be denied. Their adult world will be changing constantly in terms of technology and the Internet is the key to all the knowledge and information available in the world today. Therefore, it is important that children learn at an early age to use the equipment enthusiastically and with confidence as they will need these skills throughout their studies and working lives.
點評：這道考題要求考生對“孩子每天使用電腦是否利大於弊”展開討論。考官在指出使用電腦能夠幫助孩子瞭解更多知識，適應未來成人社會的生活後，在最後一句把前文的話換了種句型又說了一遍。“Therefore, it is important that children learn at an early age to use the equipment enthusiastically and with confidence as they will need these skills throughout their studies and working lives.” 由此可見，即使是考官在需要強調或總結的時候，也會對段落小結一下。正所謂，總結論證放心用，應急時候是幫手。
以上便是小編爲大家介紹的淺析雅思議論文的論證方法，議論文的論證方法各有千秋。要想正確使用，就必須對各種論證方法的作用、適用範圍、使用方法熟練掌握。在掌握論證方法後，再着手潤色語言的表達，長此以往，堅持不懈，雅思寫作高分指日可待，最後，祝大家考出好成績!
