備考英語四級需掌握的英語時態知識
備考英語四級的過程中，對於單詞的積累和語法的掌握是學習的重中之重。時態(tense)是一種動詞形式，不同的時態用以表示不同的時間與方式。下面是小編給大家分享的學習內容，大家可以作爲參考。
英語時態精講之一般現在時
1、含有be動詞的句子
He is a teacher.
The girl is very beautiful.
Tim and Jack are students.
★變疑問句將be動詞移到句首
Is he a teacher?
Is the girl very beautiful?
Are Tim and Jack students?
★變否定句在be動詞後面加not
He is not a teacher.
The girl is not very beautiful.
Tim and Jack are not students.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, he is. / No, he is not.
Yes, she is. / No, she is not.
Yes, they are. / No, they are no
2、不含有be動詞的句子,即含有一般動詞的句子。
(1)第三人稱單數及單數名詞
He likes books.
She likes him.
The dog likes bones.
★變疑問句在句首加does, 動詞變爲原型
Does he like books?
Does she like him?
Does the dog like bones?
★變否定句在主語及動詞之間加doesn't, 動詞變爲原型,原句中的動詞不再有第三人稱變化。
He doesn't like books.
She doesn't like him.
The dog doesn't like bones.
★肯定回答及否定回答:
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't
Yes, it does. / No, it doesn't.
注意:第三人稱單數形式一般在動詞後面加S,不要和名詞複數混淆,變否定句或疑問句時名詞複數沒有任何變化。
(2)其他人稱及複數名詞
I want to have a bath.
We have some meat.
The students like smart teachers.
★變疑問句在句首加do
Do you want to have a bath?
Do we have any meat?
Do the students like smart teachers?
★變否定句在主語和動詞之間加don't.
You don't want to have a bath.
We don't have any meat.
The students don't like smart teachers.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
Yes, we do. / No, we don't
Yes, they do. / No, they don't.
過去將來進行時：
一、過去將來進行時的用法
過去將來進行時表示在過去將來某一時間正在發生的動作。它常和表過去將來的時間狀語連用，但上下文清楚時，時間狀語亦可省略。和將來進行時一樣，它也常表計劃中的事，不表意願或打算。
二、過去將來進行時的構成
過去將來進行時由“would + be + 現在分詞”構成。如：
I thought you’d be sleeping. 我以爲你在睡覺哩。
She said she would be looking after you. 她說她會照顧你的。
He didn’t know when he’d be seeing us again. 他不知道什麼時候他會再見到們。
I asked her what she would be doing on Saturday. 我問她星期六幹什麼。
He said that he would be seeing me off on the l0 o’clock train. 他說他將送我乘10點鐘的火車走。
They moved to the main entrance where the car would be waiting. 他們向大門走去，那輛車會在那裏等着。
三、過去將來進行時通常用於以下句型
1. 用於賓語從句中
I felt it would be presuming on our friendship to keep asking her for help. 我覺得不斷要她幫忙是利用了我們的交情。
We informed them by telegram that we would be arriving early. 我們打電報通知他們，我們將在早上到達。
The announcer informed viewers that programmes would be running late. 播音員通知觀衆節目時間可能推後。
It was thoughtless of her to have rushed out and not said where she would be going. 她這樣衝出去又不說去哪裏，真是太不爲別人着想了。
He announced that there would be more stringent controls on the possession of weapons. 他宣佈將對武器的持有實行更嚴格的控制。
A sixth sense told her that he would be waiting for her when she got home. 她有一種第六感覺，就是她到家時他一定在那兒等候她呢。
She glanced about the hall, hoping against hope that Richard would be waiting for her. 她眼睛掃過大廳，對理查德會在那裏等她仍懷有一絲希望。
On May 18, the employee wrote to the council that he would be taking the doctor’s advice. 5月18日，這位僱員致信委員會，稱他將遵照醫囑。
2. 用於虛擬語氣的主句
If she could get sponsors, she would be sitting pretty. 如果能得到贊助，她會極佔優勢。
I was excited. Next Wednesday we would be flying to Sydney. 我很興奮。下星期三我們就會飛往悉尼了。
I would be exceeding my powers if I ordered the march to be halted. 如果我命令停止遊行，我就越權了。
If I was to insult the contestants I would be shooting myself in the foot. 如果我羞辱參賽者，就會搬起石頭砸自己的腳。
You would be spending your time to better advantage if you did what I suggested. 如果你按我的建議去做，你的時間會得到更有效的利用。
過去完成進行時：
一、結構形式
過去完成進行時由“had been+現在分詞”構成，因此無人稱變化。
二、用法歸納
■過去完成進行時表示持續到過去某時的一個動作(可算是現在完成進行時的過去式)：
The ground was wet. It had been raining. 地是溼的。此前一直在下雨。
At last the bus came. I had been waiting for half an hour. 最後公共汽車來了，我已等了半小時。
She was out of breath. She had been running. 她氣喘吁吁，她一直在跑來着。
He gave up smoking last year. He’d been smoking for twenty years. 去年他戒菸了。他抽菸已經二十年。
■過去時間可用一個時間狀語表示：
When I first met her, she had been working in the company for ten years. 我第一次見到她時，她在那家公司已工作十年了。
I had not been waiting long when a taxi drew up. 我沒等多久就來了一輛出租車。
She had been looking at the parcel for some time before she realized that it was for her mother. 這包裹她看了好一會兒才明白這是寄給她媽的。
Until/Up till then she had been living with her daughter. 到那時爲止她一直和她女兒一起住。
■但在更多情況下過去時間由另一句子表示出來，毋需加上時間狀語：
Her eyes were red. It was obvious she had been crying. 她眼睛紅紅的，顯然她是哭了。
Jane was annoyed. Peter had been phoning her every night. 簡很不高興。彼得一直每晚給打電話。
He was very tired. He had been working all day. 他很累。他幹了一整天活。
She couldn’t understand him. She hadn’t been learning English long. 她不懂他的話。她學語的時間還不長。
I woke up—I had been having a bad dream. 我醒了，我做了個惡夢。
She was very tired. She had been typing letters all day. 她很累了。她整天都在打信件。
Her eyes were red. It was obvious she had been crying. 她的眼睛紅了，顯然她剛哭過。
We had been doing business with each other for years before we quarrelled. 在吵翻之前，我們多年來在業務上一直來往。
When I first met Ann, she had been working for Exxon for 15 years. 我第一次遇到安的時候，她已在埃克森公司幹了15年了。
Jenny was annoyed. Jim had been phoning her every night for a whole week. 詹妮生氣了。整整一星期，吉姆天天晚上都給她打電話。
■有時上下文可說明是談過去的事，因此不需要時間狀語：
She had been watching TV all day. 她看了一天的電視。
I had been reading your book. 我一直在看你寫的書。
The rain had been pouring all night. 傾盆大雨下了一整夜。
We had been travelling in many countries. 我們一直在許多國家旅遊。
將來完成進行時：
一、將來完成進行時的用法
將來完成進行時表示某一動作從某一時間開始一直延續到將來某一時間(即說話者人提及的時間)，是否繼續下去，要視上下文而定。如：
By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years. 到下星期此刻，我已經爲該公司幹了24年了。
If we don’t hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱們若不快一點兒，等我們到了那兒，店門就會關了。
二、將來完成進行時的構成
將來完成進行時由“will / shall have been+現在分詞”構成。
By the end of this year he’ll have been acting for thirty years. 到今年年底他當演員就滿30年了。
I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year. 到今年年底，我在這個工廠工作就有20年了。
三、將來完成進行時連用的時間狀語
與將來完成進行時連用最多的時間狀語時是“by+將來時間”，見上面的例子。當然除“by+將來時間”外，連用其他的時間狀語也是可能的。如：
He will have been working all day. 他整天將都在工作。
She will have been having treatment all her life. 她將終生受到治療。
I’ll have been teaching for thirty years this winter. 到今年冬天我就已任教三十年了。
四、將來完成進行時的情態意義
“will / shall have been+現在分詞”結構除表示將來完成進行時外，有時其中的 will 也可能是情態動詞，具有情態意義，比較表示推測或猜想等。如：
They will have been having a holiday yesterday. 他們昨天大概是在度假。
You’ll have been wondering all this time how my invention works. 我想你這些時候一直想知道我的發明怎樣會行得通的。
以上就是英語四級語法知識，希望可以給大家在學習的過程中帶來幫助。
