英語初一上冊的語法

在初一英語的學習中，語法是掌握英語的一個基礎和重點，打好這個基礎會使你分析文章更容易，還能夠寫出很好的句式、文章。小編在這裏爲大家整理了初一(七年級)英語上冊語法重點歸納總結，快來學習學習吧!

　　名詞

A)、名詞的數

我們知道名詞可以分爲可數名詞和不可數名詞，而不可數名詞它沒有複數形式，但可數名詞卻有單數和複數之分，複數的構成如下：

一)在後面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas

二)x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y爲i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries, story-stories

2)以元音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如：day-days,boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

四)以o結尾加s(外來詞)。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

五)以f或fe結尾的變f爲v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves

六)單複數相同(不變的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

七)一般只有複數，沒有單數的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八)單詞形式不變，既可以是單數也可以是複數的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學, family家，家庭成員

九)合成的複數一般只加主要名詞，多數爲後一個單詞。如：ACTion movie-ACTion movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的複數則同時爲複數。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十)有的單複數意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間times時代, 次數, chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞

十一)單個字母的複數可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs

十二)特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice,policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B)名詞的格

當我們要表示某人的什麼東西或人時，我們就要使用所有格形式。構成如下：

一)單數在後面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

二)複數以s結尾的直接在s後加’，如果不是以s結尾的與單數一樣處理。如：Teachers’ Day教師節, classmates’; Children’s Day六一節, Women’s Day婦女節

三)由and並列的名詞所有時，如果是共同所有同一人或物時，只加最後一個’s，但分別擁有時卻分別按單數形式處理。如：Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間)，Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)

　　代詞

項目人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞

人稱主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性

第一人稱單數 I me my mine myself

複數 we us our ours ourselves

第二人稱單數 you you your yours yourself

複數 you you your yours yourselves

第三人稱單數 she her her hers herself

he him his his himself

it it its its this that itself

複數 they them their theirs these those themselves

　　動詞

A) 第三人稱單數

當動詞是第三人稱單數時，動詞應該像名詞的單數複數那樣加s，如下：

一)一般在詞後加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes

三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y爲i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

2)以元音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如：plays,says, stays, enjoys, buys

四)以o結尾加es。如：does, goes

五)特殊的有：are-is, have-has

B) 現在分詞

當我們說某人正在做什麼事時，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構成如下：

一)一般在後加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training,play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

二)以不發音e的結尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, prACTice-prACTicing,write-writing, have-having

三)以重讀閉音節結尾且一個元音字母+一個輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最後的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

四)以ie結尾的變ie爲y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位於

　　形容詞的級

我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時，則要使用比較或最高級形式。構成如下：

一)一般在詞後加er或est(如果是以e結尾則直接加r或st)。如：GREater-GREatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest,longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest

二)以重讀閉音節結尾且1個元音字母+1個輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結尾的雙寫結尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

三)以輔音字母+y結尾的變y爲i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlierfriendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easiereasiest

四)特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠)

good/well - better best many/much - moremost bad/ill – worse worst

little- less least old- older/elderoldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest

　　數詞 (基變序，有規則;一、二、三，自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它後接th;y結尾，變爲i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh,tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-

1.陳述句

肯定陳述句 a) This is a book. (be動詞)

b) He looks very young. (連繫動詞)

c) I want a sweat like this. (實義動詞)

d) I can bring some things to school. (情態動詞)

e) There’s a computer on mydesk. (There be結構)

否定陳述句 a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice.

c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School.d) Kate can’t find her doll.

e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cathere.)

2. 祈使句

肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English!

c) Come in, please.

否定祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry.

3. 疑問句

1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim astudent? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?

d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?

肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do.e) Yes, she is.

否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t.

2) 選擇疑問句 Is the tablebig or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.

3) 特殊疑問句

①問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.

②問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like ACTion movies and comedies.

③問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.

④問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.

How do we contACT you? My e-mail address .

⑤問原因 Why do you want to join the club?

⑥問時間 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to tena.m..

What time do you usually get up, Rick? Atfive o’clock.

When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.

⑦問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.

⑧問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.

What’s your favourite color? It’s black.

⑨問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.

Who is the boy in blue? My brother.

Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.

Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?

⑩問東西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.

What else can you see in the picture? I cansee some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.

11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Hername is Helen./She’s Helen.

What’s your first name? My first name’sBen.

What’s your family name? My family name’sSmith.

12 問哪一個 Which do youlike? I like one in the box.

13 問字母 What letter isit? It’s big D/small f.

14 問價格 How much arethese pants? They’re 15 dollars.

15 問電話號碼 What’s your phonenumber? It’s 576-8349.

16 問謂語(動作) What’s he doing?He’s watching TV.

17 問職業(身份) What doyou do? I’m a teacher.

What’s your father? He’s a doctor.

　　時態

1、一般現在時 表示普遍、經常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現在時，它有：

Be 動詞：She’s a she a worker? She isn’t a worker.

情態動詞：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play thepiano.

行爲動詞：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes?They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.

Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have anice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.

2、現在進行時 表示動詞在此時正在發生或進行就使用進行時態，結構爲sb be v-ing sth + 其它.

I’m playing baseball. Are you playingbaseball? I’m not playing baseball.

Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writinga letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.

They’re listening to the pop music. Arethey listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.