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8年級上冊英語語法和短語

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八年級,即原來的初級中學二年級(初二年級),2001年實施《義務課程標準》之後,爲實現義務教育的連續性,初二年級改稱“八年級”。下面是本站小編給大家整理的8年級上冊英語語法和短語,供大家參閱!

8年級上冊英語語法和短語

  8年級上冊英語語法和短語:Unit 1

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?

本單元的話題:談論假期活動內容,複習一般過去時。

本單元的語法:

1.複習一般過去時;

2.學習不定代詞和不定副詞的用法。

語法:

1.本單元出現的動詞不規則過去式有:

isam---was是 are -- were是 go---went去 buy—bought買 take ---took拿走, dodoes—did feed—fed喂 see—saw 看見 eat—ate 吃 havehas—had 有,吃

feel—felt感覺 ride—rode騎 get—got到達,得到can—could能,會forget—forgot忘記drink—drank喝 find—found找到

2.不定代詞和不定副詞的用法:

some body

any one

every thing no where(疑問副詞)

不定代詞和不定副詞

(1)左邊的some、any、every、no與右邊的body、one、thing構成不定代詞,some、any、every、no與右邊的疑問副詞where構成不定副詞;

(2)一般情況下以some開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞用於肯定句,以any開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞用於否定句、疑問句;以no開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞表示否定含義(no one爲兩個單詞);

(3)不定代詞或不定副詞和形容詞連用時,形容詞放在後面。

He has something他有重要的事情要做。(肯定句用something,形容詞important放後) Did you buy (一般疑問句用anything,形容詞special放後)

Did you go anywhere上個月你去令人感興趣的地方了嗎?

(interesting放後)

(4)不定代詞和不定副詞做主語時,後面的動詞用單數形式。Everone is here today.今天每個人都在這裏。

本單元的短語和知識點:

1.(P1,圖片) go on vacation去度假 go to the mountains 上山/進山

2.(P1,1a) stay at home呆在家go to the beach去海灘 visit museums 參觀博物館 go to summer camp去參觀夏令營

3.(P2,2b) study for tests爲考試而學習備考 go out出去

4.(P2,2d) quite a few相當多,不少(後跟可數名詞複數)

He has quite a few friends.他有不少朋友。take photos照相 most of the time大部分時間

5.(P3,語法表格3行) buy sth for sb = buy sb sth爲某人買某物 My mother bought me a sweater=My mother bought a sweater for me.我媽媽給我買了一件毛衣。

6.(P3,語法表格4行) taste good. 嚐起來很好

taste(嚐起來)、look(看起來)、sound(聽起來)爲感官動詞,後跟形容詞

The food tastes delicious.這食品嚐起來非常可口。

The T-shirt looks beautiful.這件體恤衫看起來很漂亮。

The songs sound beautiful.這些歌曲聽起來很優美。

7.(P3,語法表格5行)have a goodgreatfun time過得高興,玩得愉快(=enjoy oneself)

They had a good time yesterday.= They enjoyed themselves yesterday.他們昨天玩得很開心。

8.(P3,3a) go shopping去購物

9.(P3,3b,4行) nothing„but+動詞原形:除了„„之外什麼都沒有

He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了讀書無事可做。

10.(P3,3b,5行) seem to do sth:好像„ I seem to know him.我好像認識他。

seem+(to be)+形容詞:看起來„The work seems(to be)easy.這工作看起來很容易。

11.(P3,3c)keep a diary記日記

12.(P5,2b,1行大地方:達到某地 (get to +地方:達到某地)

小地方:達到某地 (get的過去式爲got)

He arrived in Beijing yesterday.他昨天達到北京。

若是arrive和ge後跟home、there、here三個地點副詞,後面的介詞inatto必須去掉。

昨晚湯姆到家。

)decide to do sth:決定做某事他決定回家。

14.(P5,2b,3行) try doing sth.嘗試做某事try to do sth.盡力去做某事

The boy tried riding bicycle.這個小孩試着騎自行車

He tried to help the old man.他盡力幫助這個老年人。

15.(P5,2b,4行) feel like給„的感覺;感受到

16.(P5,2b,1段末行) in the past 在過去 walk around四處走走

enjoy doing sth:喜歡做某事He enjoys playing basketball.他喜歡打籃球。

17.(P5,2b,2段1行)difference(名詞,差異,差別)---- different(形容詞,不同的)

18.(P5,2b,2段2行)start doing sth:開始做某事 (= start to do sth)

He started doing his homework. 他開始做家庭作業。

19.(P5,2b,2段3行)over an hour一個多小時 (over超過,多餘 = more than)

20.(P5,2b,2段4行) too many 太多,後接可數名詞複數。

Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.昨天媽媽買了很多雞蛋。

too much 太多,後跟不可數名詞,修飾動詞作狀語。

我們有很多工作要做。 Don’t talk too much.不要說太多。

much too 太,後跟形容詞或副詞這帽子對我來說太大。 你走地太快了。

分辨三者的口訣:用法區別看後頭:much 後接不可數,too 後修飾形或副。too many 要記住,後面名詞必複數。

21.(P5,2b,2段6行) because of 因爲,

because因爲,後跟句子。

He can’t go to school because of the rain.他因爲下雨沒去上學。(rain爲名詞)

He was late for school because of他因爲起晚而上學遲到。(get爲動詞)

= He was late for school becauseI don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.我沒有買這件襯衣因爲它太貴。

22.(P5,2b,2段8行)enough(足夠的)與名詞連用,一般放在名詞前

他有足夠的錢。(money爲名詞)

enough(足夠的enough放在後面。

爲形容詞)

23.(倒數4忘記已經做過某事(已經做完)

to do sth.忘記去做某事(還未做)(forget的過去式爲forgot)

Don’t foget to close the door.不要忘記關上門。(門還未關)

He forgot closing the door.他忘記已經關上門了。(門已經關上,但是他忘了)

24.(P6,2e,5行)another+數字+可數名詞單數或複數:額外多少某物

He ate one apple,he wanted another two apples.他吃了一個蘋果,還想再要兩個。

25.(P8,self check,2,6行)so+形容詞+that+句子:如此„以至於„

too+形容詞+to do sth:太„以至於不能„

形容詞+enough to do sth:足夠„能夠做某事(注意三個句型有時可以互換)

He is so young that he can′t go to school.他如此年輕以至於不能去上學。

= He is too young to go to school. 他太年輕以至於不能去上學。

= He isn′t old enough to go to school.

26.(P8,self check,2,7行)tell sb (not) to do sth:告訴某人(不要)做某事

My mother often tells us not to play in the street.我的媽媽經常告訴我不要在街上玩。

  8年級上冊英語語法和短語:Unit 2

Unit 2 How often do you exercise?

本單元的話題:談論生活習慣,複習一般現在時。

本單元的語法:1.複習一般現在時;2.學習表示頻率副詞的用法。

主要頻率副詞的等級排序:always(總是) > usually (通常) > often(經常) > sometimes(有時) > hardly ever(很少) > never(從不)

這些副詞在句子中的位置,一般放在助動詞、be動詞或情態動詞之後,行爲動詞之前。即:“行”前“助(系)”後。 Peter is always late for school. Peter上學總是遲到。

I usually do my homework in the evening. 我通常在晚上做作業。

提問 always, sometimes, twice a day 等頻率副詞,用 How often I watch TV every day.我每天都看電視→How often do you watch TV?(你多長時間看一次電視?)

本單元的短語和知識點:

1.(P9,圖片、1a) on weekends在週末 go to the movies去看電影help with housework幫助做家務 how often多久一次 hardly ever幾乎從不

2.(P10,2a至2d) 2a:once a week每週一次 twice a week每週兩次 every day每天 2c:use the Internet用互聯網

2d: be free有空Are you free on weekends?你週末有空嗎?

swing dance搖擺舞 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈和鋼琴課 play tennis打網球

How about„? „怎麼樣?/ „好不好?(後跟名詞代詞V ing)(用來提出意見或徵求對方建議)

I like apples,how about you ?我喜歡蘋果,你呢?(apple,名詞,蘋果)(how about =what about) How about going shopping this afternoon?今天下午去購物怎麼樣?(go爲動詞)

3.(P11,語法表格)go shopping購物

4.(P11,3a) stay up late熬夜at least至少go to bed early早點睡覺play sports進行體育活動

5.(P11,3b)after school 放學後

6.(P12,1b)want sth:需要某物 He wants a new pen.他想要一支新鋼筆。

want to do sth:想做某事 He wants to watch TV after school.放學後他想去看電視。

want sb to do sth:讓某人做某事 My mother wants me get up early.媽媽讓我早起。

7.(P12,1b)be good for對„„有好處 be bad for 對„„有害處

Swimming is good for our health.游泳對我們的健康有好處。

Watching TV is bad for our eyes.看電視對我們的眼睛有害處。

8. (P13,2a) play computer games打電子遊戲 go camping去野營

9.(P13,2b,1行)ask sb about sth:問某人某事

My parents often ask me about my study.我的父母經常問我的學習情況。

10. (P13,2b,1段1行)in one’s spare time在某人業餘時間

He studies English in his spare time.他在業餘時間學習英語。

11.(P13,2b)”數字+percent of+名詞”做主語時,後面的單詞取決於名詞的情況。若名詞爲複數,後面的動詞用複數形式;若名詞爲單數或不可數名詞,後面的動詞用單數形式。

In our class ,twenty of students are boys.在我們班,百分之二十的學生爲男生。

Thirty of water is dirty.百分之三十的水是髒的。

12.(P13,2b,2段3行)not„at all:一點兒也不 (not構成否定句)

I don’t like the movie at all.我一點也不喜歡這部電影。

13.(P13,2b,3段)go online上網

14.(P13,2b,3段)the answer to+名詞:„的答案 the answer to the question這個問題的答案

15.(P13,2b,4段) the most popular最受歡迎的

although(雖然)不能與but連用,但可以與yet ,still 連用。

Although it is dark ,they are still working.雖然天黑了,但他們仍在工作。

Although he is old ,he is quite strong.他雖然年齡大了,但身體很健壯。

16.(P13,2b,5段1行)the (best) way to do sth: 做某事的(最好)方式

The best way to learn English is speaking English.學習英語的最好方法是說英語.

17.(P13,2b,5段2行) such as比如 (後跟名詞或名詞短語)for example 例如(後跟句子) He likes fruits,such as apples,bananas and so on.他喜歡水果,例如蘋果、香蕉等。

He has some good ways to study English,for example ,he often listens to tapes.他有許多好的方法學習英語,例如,他經常聽磁帶。

18.(P13,2b,5段4行) old habits die hard積習難改。

19.(P15,3a)more than (=over)超過,多餘 go to the dentist去看牙醫

  8年級上冊英語語法和短語:Unit 3

Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.

本單元的話題:談論事物對比,學習形容詞比較級。

本單元的語法:學習形容詞比較級。(語法:見課本第113頁至115頁)

本單元出現的形容詞和副詞的比較級有:

long—longer(長的),tall--taller(高的)fast—faster(更快),funny—funnier(更有趣)

friendly—friendlier(更友好),early—earlier(更早),lazy—lazier(更懶惰), high—higher(更高), hard—harder(更努力) ,quiet—quieter(更安靜,更內向),

smart—smarter(更聰明)loud —louder(更響亮),goodwell--better (更好) manymuch—more (更多),popular—more popular(更受歡迎)loudly—more loudly(更響亮) outgoing--more outgoing(更外向/更開朗), hard-working—more hard-working(更努力)clearly—more clearly(更清楚)serious—more serious(更嚴肅)

形容詞和副詞的比較級講解:

1.比較級表示兩個人或物的比較。所用的句型爲“比較級+than”(比„更„),若than前後所使用的的動詞相同時,通常用助動詞代替後面的動詞,後面的動詞或助動詞可以省略。注意比較的對象必須性質相同。I am taller than my brother.我比我的弟弟高。

He is more outgoing than me.他比我外向。

2.比較級前,可以用much(更„,多得多„),a lot(更„,多得多„),even(更„,多得多„),a little(稍微)來表示程度。I am a little thinner than my sister.我比我的妹妹稍微瘦。 She is much more beautiful than her sister.她比她的妹妹更漂亮。

本單元的短語和知識點:

1.(P17,圖片)play+the +樂器 play the drums打鼓

比較play +球類 play basketball打籃球

both„and„兩者都(後面的動詞用複數形式)Both Tom and Jim are students. 湯姆和吉姆都是學生。

2.(P18,2d) the singing competition 歌詠比賽 the most important 最重要的

3.(P20,1a)be good at+名詞代詞V ing:擅長,在某方面做得好

He is good at math.他擅長數學(math爲名詞)I am good at playing basketball.我擅長打籃球。(play爲動詞)

4.(P20,1a)make sb do sth:讓某人做某事He makes me help him.他讓我幫助他。

5.(P20,1b)the same as與„相同His book is the same as my book.他的書與我的書一樣。

6. (P20,1b)be talented in sth:在某方面有天賦He is talented in music.他在音樂方面有天賦。

7.(P21,2b,1段2行)be like:像„ The books are like friends.書像朋友。

8.(P21,2b,1段)make friends (with sb):(和某人)交朋友

He often makes friends with children.他經常和孩子們交朋友.

enjoy doing sth:喜歡做某事 Tom enjoys reading.湯姆喜歡讀書。

9.(P21,2b,2段)be different from與„不同My brother is different from me.我弟弟與我不一樣。

10.(P21,2b,2段)help sb to (do) sth:幫助某人做某事

常與help sb with sth(在某方面幫助某人)互換 He often helps me (to) learn English.他經常幫助我學習英語。= He often helps me with my English.他經常在英語方面幫助我。 help (to) do sth:幫助做某事He often helps( to)cook at home.他經常在家幫助做飯。

11.(P21,2b,3段)care about關心

My parents often care about my study.我的父母親經常關心我的學習.

12.(P22,2d)比較級表示最高級常用:

比較級 +than +the other+可數名詞複數

=比較級+than +any other+可數名詞單數(用於一範圍內一個與餘下進行比較) 例如: He is the tallest student in our class .(最高級)在我們班他是最高的學生。

= He is taller than any other student in our class.

= He is taller than the other students in our class.在我們班,他比其他的學生高。

(在我們班,他與他之外的其他的同學進行比較)

shanghai is the biggest city in china.上海是中國最大的城市。

13.(P24,4)be good with sb:與某人相處很好

The teacher is good with students.這位老師與學生相處很好。

14.(P24,4)information (n.消息,信息)不可數名詞

  8年級上冊英語語法和短語:Unit 4

Unit 4 What's the best movie theater?

本單元的話題:談論事物對比, 學習形容詞和副詞的最高級。

本單元的語法:學習形容詞和副詞的最高級。

1.形容詞和副詞的最高級常用於表示三者或三者以上進行比較,後面可用of或in短語表示比較的範圍。He is the tallest in his class.在他那個班,他是最高的。

Tom studies (the) best of the three students.在這三個學生中湯姆學習最好

2.形容詞和副詞的最高級前常常有the(副詞的最高級前的the可以省略),例如:

He is the tallest student in our class.在我們班他是最高的學生。(tall爲形容詞,the不能省) 湯姆在他那個學校跑得最快。(fast爲副詞修飾動詞run,the可以省略)

Tom runs (the) fastest in his school.

3.比較級也可以表示最高級的含義,見Unit3,12講解。

本單元出現的形容詞和副詞的最高級有:

good(好)—best,badbadly(壞的)—worst,frest(新鮮的)—frestest, big(大)—biggest fast(快的)--fastest new(新的)—newest cheap(便宜的)—cheapest funny(有趣的)- funniest close(近的)—closest short(矮的)—shortest quiet(安靜的,內向的)—quietest expensive(昂貴的)—most expensive,popular(受歡迎的)—most popular,quikcly(快地)—most quikcly beautiful(美麗的)—most beautiful, comefortable(舒服的)—most comefortable cheaply(便宜地)—most cheaply carefully(仔細地,細心地)—most carefully boring(無聊的)—most boring exciting(令人興奮的)—most exciting interesting(令人感興趣的)—most interesting serious(嚴肅的,認真的)—most serious creative(有創造力的)—most creative, talented(有天賦的)—most talented

本單元的短語和知識點:

1.(P26,2d,2行)welcome to+地點:歡迎來到某地 Welcome to our school.歡迎來我校。

2.(P27語法表)What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你認爲...怎麼樣?

What do you think of the book?你認爲這本書怎麼樣? It is boring.很無聊。

3.(P29,2b,1段2行)watch sb do sth:看見某人做了某事(= see sb do sth )

I watched him play basketball yesterday.昨天我看見他打籃球了。

4.(P29,2b,1段3行)比較級別 +and+比較級:越來越„

(若比較級爲more+形容詞原級,則爲:more and more形容詞原級)

The buildings are taller and taller.樓房越來越高。

Our school is getting more and more beautiful.我們的學校正在變得越來越漂亮。

5.(P29,2b,1段末行)around the world全世界=all over the world,such as 例如

  8年級上冊英語語法和短語:Unit 5

Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?

本單元的話題:談論自己對天使節目或電影的喜好,學會表達自己的感受。

本單元的語法:複習一般現在時。

本單元的短語和知識點:

1.(P33,圖片) What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你認爲„怎麼樣? What do you think of the movie?你認爲這部電影怎麼樣? It is boring.很無聊。

2.(P33,圖片)(補充)mind doing sth:介意做某事

Would you mind opening the door?你介意打開門嗎?Of course not.當然不介意。

3.(P33,1a) news (不可數名詞,消息,信息) a piece of good news一條好消息

4.(P34,2b,2行)learn (sth) from sb:向某人學習(某物)

We is learning English from the teacher.我們正在向這位老師學習英語。

5.(P34,2c,1行)plan to do sth:計劃做某事(plan的過去式planned,現在分詞planning) He is planning to visit Beijing.他正在計劃訪問北京。

6.(P34,2c,4行)hope to do sth:希望做某事

He hopes to meet the famous singer.他希望與這位著名歌手的見面。

7.(P34,2d,2行)have a discussion (about sth):討論(某物)

They had a discussion about the movie yesterday昨天他們討論了這部電影。

8.(P34,2d,倒數5行)favorite (形容詞,最喜愛的)= like„best

My favorite shows are talk shows.我最喜歡的節目是談話節目。=I like talk shows best.

9.(P34,2d,倒數2行)expect to do sth:期待做某事

The girl alaways expects to meet her favorite actor.這個女孩總是期待與他最喜歡的演員見面。

10.(P37,2b,1段2行)think of認爲,想起He often thinks of his teachers.他經常想起他的老師。

11.(P37,2b,1段倒數2行)in the 1930s:在二十世紀三十年代(1930年至1939年)

in the 2010s:在二十一世紀10年代(2010年至2019年)

12.(P37,2b,2段2行)one of +可數名詞複數:„之一(該短語放在句首做主語時,後面的動詞用單數形式)One of the students has an English dictionary.這些學生中一個人有英語字典。

13.(P37,2b,2段3行)try to do sth:盡力做某事He tried to help the old man.他盡力幫助這老人。 try doing sth:試着做某事The boy tried riding a bicycle.這個孩子試着騎自行車。

14.(P37,2b,2段3行)luck(名詞,幸運,運氣)—lucky(形容詞,幸運的)--unlucky (形容詞,不幸的)

15.(P37,2b,2段5行)be ready to do sth樂意做某事

He is always ready to help others.他總是樂於助人。

16.(P37,2b,2段5行)try one's best (to do sth):盡力(做某事)

He often tries his best to help me.他總是盡力幫助我。

17.(P39,3a,3行)take one’s place:代替,替換 (take的過去式爲took)

Our English teacher wasn't at school,Mr. Wang took her place to teach us English.我們英語老師不在學校,王老師代替她教我們英語。