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雙語閱讀:如何理解英文俚語詞彙?

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雙語閱讀:如何理解英文俚語詞彙?

大家在閱讀英文原著,或者跟外國人交流的時候,是不是時常有這樣的困擾:這個詞我沒聽說過,這是什麼意思?在牛津詞典裏也查不到,他/她到底在說什麼?其實理解和翻譯俚語有特殊的方法和小技巧。按照這五步做,你也能輕鬆讀懂俚語!

Step1:

第一步:

Realize that the biggest challenge in interpreting slang is that the linguist understands the expression that is being communicated with the slang word. Different languages have different slang terms, but despite that all the slang words are trying to express the same basic emotions of excitement, joy, fear, disgust, anger etc. So instead of looking for a literal translation of the slang word, it is important that the interpreter have the relevant cultural context to understand what the person is trying to express and then convey the expression in the target language.

在翻譯俚語的過程中會遇到的最大的困難就是理解俚語交流中的表達方式。雖然不同的語言會產生不同的俚語表達,但是他們都在表現相同的感情內核:激動,歡樂,恐懼,厭惡,憤怒還有其他很多。所以比起在字面上翻譯俚語表達,更重要的是翻譯者需要掌握相應語言的文化背景,然後理解作者想要傳達的情感,才能傳達和翻譯作者的想法。

Step 2:

第二步:

An easy way to identify the structure of slang terms is to check for the occurrence of one or more of the following:

在判定俚語的結構時並不乏捷徑,比如尋找俚語的如下特點:

1. Slang terms/phrases use symbols instead of letters

1. 俚語詞語/術語會使用符號來取代字母;

2. They might use similar sounding letters to replace the original ones

2. 俚語使用者會用同音的字母來替代彼此.

3. Slang words use a heavy degree of capital letters, even when they are grammatically incorrect, to claim for attention

3. 雖然在語法上不甚準確,但是俚語使用者會讓大寫字母大量出現在的俚語表達中從而達到吸引讀者注意的目的。

Step 3:

第三步:

Know that these slang words are not of standard use. We have to interpret slang English Terms with their corresponding formal words to understand and convey what the writer wants to. There are resources aplenty available for helping linguists with slang English words. Some of the examples are:

俚語詞彙並沒有一個標準用法。很多時候我們需要聯繫與其對應的正式用語來解讀它們的含義,並從中理解作者用這些俚語的意圖。現有的很多資料都可以幫助語言學者正確地翻譯英語俚語詞彙,例如:

1. Dictionary of Slang English

1. 《英語俚語詞典》

2. Slang- Wikipedia

2. 俚語-維基百科

3. British Slang book

3. 《大英俚語書》

4. On-line Slang Dictionary

4. 在線俚語詞典

5. Australian Lingo Guide book

5. 《澳洲術語指南》

Step 4:

第四步:

Recognize this list of some of the English Slang words with their Equivalent words is as follows:

整理出一個英語俚語詞彙和其對應正式用語的列表:

1. Dope=stupid (愚蠢的)

2. Dirty=obscene (下流的)

3. Dork=strange person (奇怪的人)

4. Drag=boring (無聊的)

5. Dynamite=powerful (有力量的)

6. An earful=a lot of gossip (諸多流言)

7. Eating away=bothering (打擾)

8. Fix=dose of drugs (藥物劑量)

9. Flaky=unreliable (不可靠的)

10. Fox=very attractive (非常吸引人的)

Step 5:

第五步:

Understand that the real challenge for the interpreter arises because most languages might not have cultural equivalents of certain words which represent a concept. For example, it would be extremely difficult to explain to an Englishman the concept of certain local Indian rituals and ceremonies like sati, sindoor, mundan simply because there are not cultural equivalents. The other challenge arises when one is interpreting pun, humor, sarcasm. These expressions are routed in cultural contexts and might not make sense to people from a different nation and/or culture.

語言學者在翻譯俚語的過程中遇到的最大挑戰莫過於,大部分語言缺乏共同的文化背景去理解俚語詞彙所代表的含義。比方說,向一個英格蘭人解釋sati(“薩蒂”,印度古老傳統,如果丈夫早亡妻子必須在丈夫的火堆跳火自焚)、sindoor(髮際紅,印度女性眉間的一點紅)、mundan(印度教的新生兒剃髮儀式)這些代表印度傳統儀式和節慶的詞彙是極其困難的。相對的,讓印度人理解pun(雙關語)、humor(幽默感)、sarcasm(諷刺)這些英語中的特定名詞也是一種挑戰。這些特殊的俚語表達紮根於不同的文化土壤中,因此外來者可能無法理解俚語背後的含義。