《牛津英語大詞典》收錄的新詞
The June 2018 update of the OED adds more than 900 new words and senses, including the selection of items described in greater detail below.
《牛津英語大詞典》2018年6月更新版增加了900多個新詞和釋義，其中部分選中條目的詳細解釋如下。
The term precariat, referring to a class of people whose employment, income, and living standards are insecure or precarious . A blend of precarious and proletariat, the word has risen to prominence in recent years in the context of discussions about the growing number of people whose livelihoods rely on casual and freelance labour.
“Precariat”（朝不保夕階級）指的是職業、收入和生活水平無保障或不穩定的一類人。它結合了“precarious”（不穩定的）和“proletariat”（無產階級）這兩個詞，近年來在討論依靠臨時工作和自由職業生活的人的數量日益增多的問題上經常被用到。
Also included in this update is zero-hours, which is used in the UK to designate a contract of employment that does not include a guarantee of regular work for the employee.
此次更新還增加了“zero-hours”（無固定時限）這個詞，在英國這個詞用來形容沒有固定工作保障的勞動合同。
Impostor syndrome is defined as ‘the persistent inability to believe that one’s success is deserved or has been legitimately achieved as a result of one’s own efforts or skills’. The OED’s earliest citation comes from a 1982 article in Vogue, where it was used as a synonym for the term impostor phenomenon, which was in use by 1978. Impostor syndrome is now the more common term.
“Impostor syndrome”（冒牌者症候羣）指的是“始終不相信某人的成功是因其個人努力或技能而應得或合理實現的”。《牛津英語大詞典》對這個詞的引用最早出自《Vogue》（《時尚》）雜誌1982年刊登的一篇文章，當時它被用作“impostor phenomenon”這個詞的同義詞，而“impostor phenomenon”這個詞在1978年就開始使用了。如今“Impostor syndrome”則更常見。
Other newly added words include spad， a British slang term for a ‘special adviser’ in political contexts.
增加的其他新詞還有“spad”，這是一個形容政治“特約顧問”的英國俚語。
Sharrow, a blend of share and arrow used in North America to refer to a road marking used to indicate which part of a road should be used by cyclists when the roadway is shared with motor vehicles.
“Sharrow”這個詞把“share”和“arrow”結合在了一起，在北美當自行車和機動車輛共用一條道路的時候，這個詞用來指自行車道的道路標記。
Acquihire means‘an act or instance of buying out a company primarily for the skills and expertise of its staff, rather than for the products or services it supplies’.
“Acquihire”指的是“收購某個公司主要是爲了其員工的技能而不是爲了該公司提供的產品或服務的行爲或事例”。
The word microaggression (‘a statement, action, or incident regarded as an instance of indirect, subtle, or unintentional discrimination or prejudice against members of a marginalized group such as a racial minority’) has become markedly more common in mainstream use over the past several years, but it has been used in academic contexts for decades.
在過去的幾年裏“Microaggression”（輕度冒犯）這個詞（用來描述對少數種族等邊緣化羣體的間接、細微或無意的歧視或偏見的一種說法、行動或事件）顯然變得更常用了，但其實在學術界這個詞已經使用幾十年了。
Lorem ipsum is a form of sample text used by compositors and graphic designers to demonstrate the textual layout of a document before the content has been finalized.
“Lorem ipsum”（虛擬文本）是排版人員和平面設計師在完成最終設計之前用來說明一份文件的文本佈局的一種示範文本形式。
The phrase spoiler alert has become commonplace in online discussions of films and television as a way of warning readers that an important detail of the story is about to be divulged .
在網絡上討論電影和電視劇的時候經常會見到“Spoiler alert”（劇透警告）這個詞，它是用來提醒讀者某個故事的重要細節就要被泄露了。
The Bechdel test is an informal method of evaluating whether or not a film or other fictional work portrays women in a way that marginalizes them or which exhibits sexism or gender stereotyping.
“Bechdel test”（貝克德爾測驗）是評估一部電影或小說是否把女性邊緣化或存在性別歧視或性別成見的一種通俗做法。
A work is said to pass the test if it satisfies three criteria: (1) there must be at least two (named) women; (2) the women must talk to each other; and (3) they must talk about something other than a man.
據說，如果一部作品滿足三個條件：（1）至少有兩位（有姓名的）女性；（2）女士們之間必須要有交流；（3）她們必須討論與男性無關的話題，這部作品就通過了這項測驗。
These principles were articulated in Alison Bechdel’s comic Dykes to Watch Out For in 1985, but the use of the term Bechdel test to refer to them seems to have arisen more than 20 years later.
愛麗森· 貝克德爾於1985年在她的漫畫“Dykes to Watch Out For”（小心女同性戀者）中說明了這些原則，但似乎在20多年之後人們才漸漸開始使用這個詞。
One of the most conspicuous domains in which the vocabulary of English has expanded in recent decades is that of gender and sexuality, where new terminology has emerged to reflect more complex understandings of this aspect of the human experience.
在最近的幾十年裏，英語詞彙明顯增多的領域之一就是性別和性徵，涌現了更多形容人們此類體驗的複雜感受的新術語。
Ace, a shortening of asexual respelled on the model of the existing word ace, is used as a self-designation by many people who identify as asexual, meaning that they do not experience sexual feelings or desires, although they may have romantic feelings and relationships.
“Ace”是“asexual”（性冷淡）的縮寫，是許多被認定爲性冷淡的人的一種自稱，意思是雖然他們可能有浪漫情懷和戀情，但他們沒有性慾，這是現有詞彙“ace”的另一種含義。
The conceptual uncoupling of romantic and sexual desire has led to the development of a number of terms that consider romantic attraction as a distinct phenomenon from sexual attraction.
對愛情的渴望和性慾在概念上的分離衍生出了大量視愛情吸引力爲一種與性吸引不同的現象的詞彙。
To be aromantic is to have no desire to form romantic relationships, while biromantic, heteroromantic, and homoromantic describe the orientation of a person’s romantic feelings with respect to gender, particularly in cases in which this differs from their sexual orientation.
“Aromantic”指的是沒有發展戀情的慾望，而“biromantic, heteroromantic, and homoromantic”指的是一個人的性取向，特別是指喜歡那些與他原本的性取向有着不同性別的人的趨向。
（翻譯：Dlacus）
