大學生或者畢業生找工作的10大誤區
It can be hard enough for college or high school students or recent graduates to find that plum internship or post-graduate job even when they do everything right. If students make crucial mistakes while seeking employment, the process becomes even more complicated.
對於大學生、高中生或剛畢業的學生來說，即使他們一切都按部就班，要找到稱心如意的實習或正式工作可能也很難。 要是在求職時走了誤區，找工作的過程就更加複雜了。
Are you curious about how students and recent graduates are sabotaging their searches and how they can make the right moves to secure their target job?
你是否好奇他們要怎樣才能避免自毀前程，且能在找目標工作時走對路？
Here are the top 10 job search mistakes high school and college students and graduates can make, plus advice on how to avoid them.
以下列出了包括高中生、大學生以及畢業生在求職時易犯的10個錯誤，並給出了相應建議。
1. Too Narrow Geographic Focus 1.求職地域範圍狹窄
Students should certainly prioritize the preferred locations for their jobs/internships based on their personal, social, and professional criteria. However, defining too narrow a geographic area can severely limit possibilities especially if there are few employers in your target industry in that location. Consider opportunities in second and third choice locations as well as your top area if too few opportunities exist in that location.
求職者可以根據個人，社會和行業標準來優先選擇工作或實習地點。 然而，過於狹窄的地域範圍會減少工作選擇的可能性，特別是當選擇區域內鮮有幾家公司和你的求職行業對路時，選擇尤其受限。 所以說，如果你求職首選區域內目標公司太少，最好增加求職地域範圍的第二和第三選擇。
2. No Career Focus 2. 職業重心不明確
Students who can't articulate a clear focus in line with the position for which they are applying will often scare off employers. Make sure you have researched your target field and can clearly convey to employers of how it fits your background.
那些不能明確指出自己所申請職位的學生往往會讓僱主避而遠之。請確保已經對你的目標行業有所瞭解，並明確地向僱主表明自己的專業背景是與之接軌的。
On the other hand, having too narrow a focus on a field where opportunities are scarce can also pose problems. Investigate alternative routes to your ultimate job and develop plan B and plan C options for careers. It is rare that your first job will end up being in your ultimate career field.
另一方面，對於機會稀缺的行業來說，設定過於狹隘的工作崗位選擇也容易產生問題。尋求職位選擇的替代方案，同時制定計劃B或計劃C作爲替代選擇。很少有人一生只從事同一種職業。
3. Unwillingness to Start at the Bottom 3. 不願從底層做起
Students often expect too glamorous a starting point for their career. Carefully research actual starting jobs in your field for individuals with your credentials. Meeting with alumni for informational interviews is an excellent way to do this. You will often hear stories such as how that successful ad executive started her career in the mail room. The key is to get inside an organization of interest, meet the right people and prove your worth.
學生們通常對他們的第一份工作要求過高。仔細研究你實際從事行業有哪些起步的工作，看看和你資歷相同的人在做什麼。而與校友會面以獲取信息是個不錯的途徑。你經常會聽到這樣的故事，例如，廣告界主管某某成功人士如何通過發郵件創業了，瞭解目標行業的關鍵是要找到合適的帶路人，並證明你的價值所在。
In certain areas like sports and advertising virtually all entry-level jobs go to individuals with previous internship experience. If you are serious about this type of field make sure you do an internship while in school or even after graduation.
某些行業會要求所有的入職人員都有過實習經驗，比如運動和廣告行業，如果你真打算要從事這類行業，確保在上學期間或畢業後先進行實習。
4. Preoccupation with Salary 4.過分在意工資
We all want to earn as much as possible in every job we hold but many students make the mistake of setting unreasonable salary expectations for entry-level jobs and internships. Use online resources, consult with professionals in your target field and ask your guidance or career counselor for advice to identify appropriate ranges.
誰都希望工作帶來儘可能多的收入，但許多學生卻對於一些初級的工作或實習機會設定了不合理的預期薪酬。在設定預期薪酬時，最好利用網絡資源，諮詢目標行業的專業人士，並向你的職業顧問諮詢，來確定合適的範圍。
Factors like the growth potential of your prospective job and the skills you will develop in that position are most often more important than beginning salary when starting your career.
你未來職位的晉升空間以及你能學到的技能等因素，通常比起薪更重要。
5. Not Enough Networking 5.社交不廣
Ask any career expert about the most effective strategy for finding work and they will all say "networking". Yet few students are fully engaged with this process. Make sure you use a varied approach to networking by reaching out to alumni, family friends, local professionals and members of professional groups in your field. Ask for information, advice and assistance with your search.
如何最有效地找到滿意工作？試着問問所有職業規劃專家，他們都會說是通過“社交”渠道。 然而很少有學生完全做好了這一步。 確保你動用了廣泛的社交關係，無論是聯繫校友，親戚朋友，還是本地專業人士或一些專業機構的成員，向他們諮詢相關信息以及幫助建議。
6. Flawed Communications 6.通信漏洞百出
Typos and grammatical errors in your letters / emails will turn off employers right away. Proofread documents carefully and have others review them as well.
無論是你寄出的求職信還是發出的電子郵件中，一旦出現了錯字或語法錯誤都會讓僱主立刻甩到一邊。仔細校對要發出去的文件，並讓其他人幫忙檢查一遍。
7. Insufficient Employer Research 7.對僱傭單位研究不足
Employers will notice if you haven't done your homework. Make sure you researchthe products, services, accomplishments and challenges of your target organization. Be prepared to articulate why you would be interested in helping the organization to reach its goals.
你有沒有做足面試前的準備工作，僱主一試便知。面試前確保你已經瞭解過應聘單位的產品，服務，成就以及它所面臨的挑戰，面試時他們可能會問你爲什麼有興趣幫助他們公司達成目標，所以提前準備好問題的答案。
Be ready to share the assets which you will bring to them in order to excel in your target job. Prepare examples of how you have tapped those strengths to successfully carry out past roles and projects.
爲了在日後工作中脫穎而出，要做好好分享你的優勢的準備，這也是你能給公司帶來的資產。準備好舉例說明你將如何利用這些優勢來做好項目並扮演好你的角色。
8. Inadequate Follow Up 8.後續跟進不足
Students often make the mistake of ending communication with the interview. Make sure you write a follow-up letter or email as soon as possible after your meeting. Include a brief summary of why you think the job is an excellent fit after having met with them. Express a strong interest in working there. Lack of enthusiasm is a deal killer with employers at any stage of the process. Re-engage the employer periodically to check on your status and reaffirm your high level of interest.
學生經常犯這樣的錯誤，一旦面試結束就不再和應聘單位溝通。確保在面試後儘快寫信或發郵件和用人單位聯繫。你可以總結一下，爲什麼面試後你認爲這個工作更適合你，強烈表示你想在那裏工作的意願。在任何時候，缺乏熱情都會降低你面試成功的機率。定期地和招聘單位聯繫，覈實一些情況並重申你對工作的熱忱。
9. Losing Momentum 9.失去動力
It is understandable that students will often draw down the intensity of their job search efforts when things look promising with an employer. Backing off your search at the sign of possible success can be a critical error which could set you back for months. Don't ever assume an offer will come through since circumstances can change with that organization. Keep the pedal to the metal until you have secured a definite offer in writing.
當某個應聘單位的面試看起來很有希望時，通常應聘者會瞬間放鬆求職搜索，這點可以理解。但在看到一點成功的徵兆就放棄其他的職位搜索可能是大錯特錯，可能因此會讓你再拖上幾個月。由於應聘單位的內部情況隨時有可能變化，所以永遠別只死盯住一個機會不放。隨時上緊發條，直到得到了以書面形式的正式錄用通知。
10. Not Fully Tapping Career/Guidance Offices 10.沒有充分利用校內的就業指導資源
It is amazing how few students fully utilize the resources available at their school'scareer offices . Trained professional are available to guide you and share job as well as networking leads. Make sure you are fully engaged with these offices right from the beginning of your high school and college career.
幾乎沒有學生充分利用了校內就業指導處的資源。有經驗的行業人士完全可以給你提供指導，並分享一些工作機會以及社交人脈。確保您在高中和大學生涯開始就與這些就業指導辦公室打交道。
Hopefully you have learned how to avoid some of the common pitfalls that short circuit student job search and are now more ready to take the positive steps necessary to launch a successful search.
希望你已經學會如何避免求職的一些常見陷阱，以提高求職的成功率。
聲明：本雙語文章的中文翻譯系滬江英語原創內容，轉載請註明出處。中文翻譯僅代表譯者個人觀點，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。
